Skin tumors, initiation

DiGiovanni, J. and T.J. Slaga. 1981a. Effects of benzo(e)pyrene [B(e)P] and dibenz(a,c)anthracene [DB(a,c)A] on the skin tumor-initiating activity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Pages 17-31 in M. Cooke and A.J. Dennis (eds.). Chemical Analysis and Biological Fate Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Fifth International Symposium. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. 

Acrylamide has also been reported to act as a skin tumor initiator in mice by three exposure routes and to increase the yield of lung adenomas in another strain of mice. "... 

Wang ZY, Khan WA, Bickers DR, Mukhtar H. 1989. Protection against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced skin tumor initiation in mice by green tea polyphenols. Carcinogenesis 10 411-415. 

TCDD inhibited the development of skin papillomas otherwise initiated by 1,3-dimcthylbenz(o)-anthracene (DMBA) (Berry et al. 1979). In intermediate-duration experiments, 2,3,7,8-TCDD did not promote skin tumors initiated by DMBA (Berry et al. 1978, 1979). In contrast, the promoting ability of... 

Slaga, T.J., and Bracken, W.M. The Effect of Antioxidants on Skin Tumor Initiation and Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase. 

Benzo[e]pyrene. Benzo[e]pyrene is inactive as a skin tumor initiator in mouse skin (Slaga et al. 1980a). 

In a dermal initiation/promotion assay, groups of 20 female CD-I mice were administered 10 dermal applications of benzo[b]fluoranthene at total doses of 0,1, and 4 jmol (initiating dose), followed 10 days later by thrice weekly applications of the promoter TPA for a total of 20 weeks (Weyand et al. 1991). Benzo[b]fluoranthene was active as a skin tumor initiator the number of tumors per tumor-bearing mouse (8.5) and the percentage of tumor-bearing mice (100%) were significantly greater than in acetone controls and were increased in a dose-related manner. 

In a dermal initiation/promotion assay, groups of 50 female NMRI mice were administered a single dermal application of dibenz[a,h]anthracene at doses of 0,300, or 600 nmol (initiating dose) followed 7 days later by twice weekly applications of the promoter, TPA, for a total of 24 weeks (Platt et al. 1990). Dibenz[a,h]anthracene was active as a skin tumor initiator only at the highest dose tested ... 

DiGiovanni, J, Rymer J, Slaga TJ, et al. 1982. Anticarcinogenic and cocarcinogenic effects of benzo[e]pyrene and dibenz[a,c5anthracene on skin tumor initiation by polycyclic hydrocarbons. Carcinogenesis 3(4) 371-375. 

Slaga TJ, Jecker L, Bracken WM, et al. 1979. The effects of weak or non-carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons on 7,12- dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene skin tumor-initiation. Cancer Lett 7 51-59. 

Slaga TJ, Gleason GL, Wells G. 1980a. Comparison ofthe skin tumor-initiating activities of dihydrodiols and diol-epoxides of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Res 40 1981-1984. 

Poland et al. 1983). Studies corroborating these findings on skin tumor initiation, promotion, and inhibition or evaluating the carcinogenicity of PCBs applied to the skin without initiators or promoters have not been performed. 

Nesnow, S., Triplett, L. L., and Slaga, T. J. (1983). Mouse skin tumor initiation-promotion and complete carcinogenesis bioassays Mechanisms and biological activities of emission samples. Environ Health Perspect 47, 255-268. 

JP-8 has not been tested for tumor-initiating or -promoting activity. Jet fuel A has been tested for tumor promoting activity in the CD-I mouse model of skin tumors initiated by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) (Nessel et al. 1999). Other MDFs have been tested for tumor-promoting activity in the same model system. In addition, hydrodesulfurized kerosene, hydrodesulfur-ized middle distillates, and lightly refined paraffinic oil have been tested for initiating activity with the model. Those studies are briefly described below. 

Trauma appears to play an important role in cancer. Any long-lasting wound or sore is considered a potential site for cancer and is thus listed as one of the warning signs. It has been shown that wound healing alone can promote the formation of skin tumors initiated by DMBA (20). As pointed out later in this chapter, inflammation and cellular proliferation are related to chemically induced cancer. Chemical carcinogens and tumor promoters induce inflammation and hyperplasia in mouse skin, but it is also known that not all inflammatory-hyperplastic agents cause skin cancer or promote it (21). 

Slaga, T.J. andW.M. Bracken The effect of antioxidants on skin tumor initiation and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase Cancer Res. 37 (1977) 1631-1635. 

Slaga, T.J., A. Viaje, S.G. Duty, and W.M. Bracken Dibenz[a,c]anthracene A potent inhibitor of skin-tumor initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene Res. Comm. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 19 (1978) 477-483. Slanki, J.M. and R.J. Moshy Separation and quantitative analysis of polyhydric alcohol humectants in tobacco products J. Chromatog. 35 (1968) 94—98. 

Murakami A, Tanaka T, Lee JY, Surh YJ, Kim HW, Kawabata K, Nakamura Y, Jiwajinda S, Ohigashi H (2004) Zerumbone, a sesquiterpene in subtropical ginger, suppresses skin tumor initiation and promotion stages in ICR mice, hit J Cancer 110 481... 

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