Single-word indexing

Indexing differentiates between single word- and phrase-indexing. If a field is single word indexed, every single word of this field is searchable. STN calls it single terms. A word is defined as a sequence of alphanumeric characters which are separated from each other by blanks and special characters. Hyphenated words have to be searched as two words ... 

Most queries for compound names may be conducted using the fields which have been explained so far. Another field. Chemical Name Segment (CNS), is one which offers the advantage of left truncation. The entries of the field CN are separated at special characters and single word indexed. These are [, ], (, ) and -. The question mark at the beginning of the search term replaces letters. Refer to the index in this context in order to avoid irrelevant results (Fig. 88). 

The field Corporate Source (CS) names the organisation/institution where a publication was produced, or, in the case of a patent, the patent assignee(s). In this field, proximity operators are allowed, as the paragraph is single-word indexed. 

Abbreviations and acronyms are short forms of single words (e.g., M for molar) or multiple words (e.g., NMR for nuclear magnetic resonance). In abbreviations, the individual letters are usually pronounced (e.g., A-C-S for American Chemical Society) in acronyms, the letters form a new word (e.g., CASSl for Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index). Compound labels are used to represent chemical compounds. (See also chapter 3 and The ACS Style Guide for more information on abbreviations and acronyms.)... 

On TOXLINE, field names are identified by a two-letter mnemonic. A list of ETIC fields and their field identifiers on TOXLINE appears in Table 10. If the two-letter identifier is not used in searching, retrieval defaults to free-text searching of an index created by single words from all searchable fields. Thus, if one does not use identifiers, a search for acetylsalicylic acid must be worded ETIC AND ACETYLSALICYLIC AND ACID. Individual words in only the TI, KW, and AB fields are searchable via text words (TW). Indexing terms in most of the technical fields have been put into the keyword (KW) field. 

NTE BEILSTEIN - Values are given at specified temperature and pressure, default 25 Cel. 760 Torr. CT = A controlled term with references to the original literature only Searchable as a boand phrase in /CT field or as single words in the Basic Index Displayable in special predefined formats, see BEILSTEIN documentation or online HELP messages... 

Additional Index a supplementary register to the Basic Index - contains the fields describing the contents, such fields like company name, patent number and classification The entries can be single word, phrase or numerical inverted ... 

Basic Index register of fields describing the contents, normally title, descriptors, abstract or full text The search is done without field qualification Title, abstract and full text are single-word inverted, descriptors often phrase-inverted ... 

Phrase-inverted compound terms are indexed as a whole, e.g. in the register and aren t devided in single words. These terms can be searched only as compound terms. This procedure is used for the controlled vocabulary or name fields, where surname and Christian name are one unit. 

Special characters e.g. hyphen and apostrophe, which are normally eliminated during indexing. Words in the document with a hyphen must be searched with proximity operators. The terms are single-word inverted. An exception are -y keyword list and -y thesaurus. 

Often, you will not be able to take out a specific book. What if there is information in that reference book that you desperately need Maybe you don t want to spend ten or twenty dollars to copy every page of information. How do you walk away with the most important information a book has to offer without taking the book home from the library Each index card should function for you like a miniature photocopy of that book. In other words, if you suddenly threw all your index cards up in the air and they came down again, you would be able to pick up any of those index cards and get precise, reliable information from it. To do this, here are a few helpful hints. Every single note card should contain ... 

The perennial student question Where do we start The instructor will be sympathetic but not rigidly prescriptive. There are, however, guidelines that do start with the prescriptive statement Go for the molecular formula. Why Simply because it is the single most useful bit of information available to the chemist and is worth the effort sometimes necessary. It provides an overall impression of the molecule (i.e., the number and kinds of atoms), and it provides the index of hydrogen deficiency—in other words, the sum of the number of rings and of double and triple bonds (Section 1.5.3). 

One problem with documents kept in any system is that other people given the document will need the same application to view the document. Sending a file in Microsoft Word format requires that the recipient also own a copy of Microsoft Word. Without it, the document cannot be viewed. This problem has been solved by a new standard known as Acrobat from Adobe systems. By using Acrobat, anyone wishing to publish a document uses the Acrobat software to create a version readable by the Acrobat Reader. The reader software is freely distributed, so the recipient of a document need not buy a copy of the original software. Besides being able to create documents viewable by anyone, this new standard also allows the document to be indexed. Any part of the document can also be cross-referenced to other sections. These features are especially useful in documentation, particularly in NDA submissions. Volumes of paper documents can now be stored on a single disk and instantly cross-referenced. A reviewer could have an entire NDA available on the computer screen. 

A single homogeneous phase such as an aqueous salt (say NaCl) solution has a large number of properties, such as temperature, density, NaCl molality, refractive index, heat capacity, absorption spectra, vapor pressure, conductivity, partial molar entropy of water, partial molar enthalpy of NaCl, ionization constant, osmotic coefficient, ionic strength, and so on. We know however that these properties are not all independent of one another. Most chemists know instinctively that a solution of NaCl in water will have all its properties fixed if temperature, pressure, and salt concentration are fixed. In other words, there are apparently three independent variables for this two-component system, or three variables which must be fixed before all variables are fixed. Furthermore, there seems to be no fundamental reason for singling out temperature, pressure, and salt concentration from the dozens of properties available, it s just more convenient any three would do. In saying this we have made the usual assumption that properties means intensive variables, or that the size of the system is irrelevant. If extensive variables are included, one extra variable is needed to fix all variables. This could be the system volume, or any other extensive parameter. 

It has been well-defined that the efficiency of anitneoplastic drugs may be characterized by their inherent log cell-kill index. In other words, the negative log of the fraction of the cancerous tumor cell population which essentially survives a single-course of treatment. 

It is possible to narrow the search to a particular index by adding the index name in brackets after the term itself. For example, "aspirin[CompleteSynonym]" returns only a single record, the actual structure of aspirin, because only that record has a synonym that matches that query exactly. Also, this shows that some Entrez indices are configured to require an exact match to the entire index, while others allow matches to any individual word in the longer text. 

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