Single-walled carbon nanotube-supported

Girishkumar, G., Hall, T.D., Vinodgopal, K., and Kamat, P.V. (2006) Single wall carbon nanotube supports for portable direct methanol fuel cells. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110 (1), 107-114. 

S. M. Bachilo, L. Balzano, J. E. Herrera, F. Pompeo, D. E. Resasco, and R. B. Weisman, Narrow (ra,/n)-distribution of single-walled carbon nanotubes grown using a solid supported catalyst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 11186 (2003). 

Ni(CO)4 is the sole binary carbonyl complex of the elements of group 10 that is stable (Table 8.1). However, very few studies in which Ni(CO)4 is used in the preparation of catalysts have been reported [43]. This is probably due to the difficulty of manipulation of Ni(CO)4 and its very high toxicity. However, surface Ni(CO)4 species have been identified after the interaction of CO with highly dispersed supported nickel catalysts prepared by other routes [44]. Recent interest in the use of Ni(CO)4 has focused on the controlled production of nickel nanoparticles for specific purposes, such as in automotive converters [45]. The use of nickel tetracarbonyl as an agent for the nucleation process in the growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes has also been reported [46]. 

It is well known that catalyst support plays an important role in the performance of the catalyst and the catalyst layer. The use of high surface area carbon materials, such as activated carbon, carbon nanofibres, and carbon nanotubes, as new electrode materials has received significant attention from fuel cell researchers. In particular, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have unique electrical and electronic properties, wide electrochemical stability windows, and high surface areas. Using SWCNTs as support materials is expected to improve catalyst layer conductivity and charge transfer at the electrode surface for fuel cell oxidation and reduction reactions. Furthermore, these carbon nanotubes (CNTs) could also enhance electrocatalytic properties and reduce the necessary amount of precious metal catalysts, such as platinum. 

A brand new area should conclusively be mentioned, that of the PP-nanocomposites made of single-walled carbon nanotubes [157] or silica nanoparticles [158] which were reported to facilitate the growth of the -crystalline structure. However, no published data support their supposed outstanding performance. 

A series of supported chiral VO(salen) complexes anchored on silica, single-wall carbon nanotube, achvated carbon or ionic liquids have been prepared through the simple methods based on the addition of mercapto groups to terminal C=C double bonds (Scheme 7.17) [58]. The four recoverable catalysts and the standard VO(salen) complex 37 were tested for the enantioselechve cyanosilylation of benzaldehyde using trimethylsilyl cyanide (Table 7.9). It should be noted that the ionic liquid-supported IL-VO(salen) showed the highest catalyhc achvity, though the ee-value was considerably reduced compared to the soluble 37 in [bmim][PF6] (entries 4 and 5). 

Zhang YJ, Li JH, Niu L et al (2005) Electrochemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes in large quantities at a room-temperature ionic liquid supported three-dimensional network electrode. Langmuir 21 4797-4800... 

Figure 5.5 SERS spectra at %exc= 1064 nm of a SWNT film of about 100 nm thickness deposited on a rough Au support (curve 1) and composites obtained by the bulk polymerization of VK (0.5 g) in the presence of different amounts ofSWNTs 0.01 g (curve 2) and 0.1 g (curves). (Reprinted with permission from Polymer, Spectroscopic evidence for the bulk polymerization of N-vinyl carbozole in the presence of single-walled carbon nanotubes by M. Baibarac, I. Baltog, S. Lefrant and P. Gomez-Romero, 48, 18, 5279. Copyright (2007) Elsevier Ltd)...

Hydroxyapatite (CajQ(P04)g(0H)2) has also attracted considerable interest as a catalyst support. In these materials, wherein Ca sites are surrounded by P04 tetrahedra, the introduction of transition metal cations such as Pd into the apatite framework can generate stable monomeric phosphate complexes that are efficient for aerobic selox catalysis [99]. Carbon-derived supports have also been utihzed for this chemistry, and are particularly interesting because of the ease of precious metal recovery from spent catalysts simply by combustion of the support. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received considerable attention in this latter regard because of their superior gas adsorption capacity. Palladium nanoparticles anchored on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) show better selectivity and activity for aerobic selox of benzyl and cinnamyl alcohols [100, 101] compared to activated carbon. Interestingly, Pd supported on MWCNTs showed higher selectivity toward benzaldehyde, whereas activated carbon was found to be a better support in cinnamyl alcohol oxidation. Functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) has also been employed successfully as a water-soluble, low-cost, recoverable, non-toxic, and non-volatile support with which to anchor nanoparticulate Pd for selox catalysis of benzyl/cinnamyl alcohols and 2-octanol [102-104]. 

Li QW, Yan H, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Liu ZF. A scalable CVD synthesis of high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes with porous MgO as support material. J Mater Chem 2002 12 1179-83. 

Bobadilla AD, Seminario JM (2014) Argon-beam-induced defects in a silica-supported single-walled carbon nanotube. J Phys Chem C 118 28299-28307... 

Carbon Nanotube and Carbon Nanofiber Nanocomposites. The discovery of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) has renewed focus on composites with SWNT, multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforcements, together referred to as ID Nanocarbon composites (39). These constituents offer promise for new lightweight materials with incredible mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. ID Nanocarbon materials are envisioned as multifunctional materials, eg single materials used for structures as well as electrical and/or thermal conductors. One example is electronics in a space satellite that need to be lightweight and mechanically supported, have the excess heat dissipated, and be protected from electromagnetic interference (EMI). Other examples are structures that are also batteries and structures that store hydrogen for fuel cells. 

Wu G, Xu B-Q (2007) Carbon nanotube supported Pt electrodes for methanol oxidation A comparison between multi-and single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Power Sources 174 148-158... 

Lordi V, Yao N, Wei J. Method for supporting platinum on single-walled carbon nanotubes for a selective hydrogenation catalyst. Chem Mater 2001 13 733-7. 

The actuator film was fabricated by layer-by-layer easting of electrode-layer (single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and ionic liquids (ILs)) and electrolyte-layer (ILs) components in a gelatinous mixture of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF(HFP)) as a polymer support and a solvent. The actuator can be activated by low voltage (<3 V) and is long-lived upon operation in air. The bueky gel acmator ean be used for various applications as well as for IPMC actuators. 

Chen, Z. et al. 2007. Durability and activity study of single-walled, double-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported Pt Catalyst for PEMFCs. ECS Transactions 11 1289-1299. 

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