Silver mines

U.S. silver production from 1985 to 1994 averaged 1588 t/yr. Less than one quarter of this output comes from silver mine districts, however. About half is as by-product of gold mines about one quarter comes from copper and lead—2inc mines. The silver production in Mexico from 1985 to 1994 averaged 2256 t/yr, and Pern, at the southern extremity of the cordillera, where silver is a by-product of copper and lead—2inc mines, averaged 1810 t/yr. 

The cost of various silver compounds is a function of the silver market price. In 1980, the estimated usage of silver ia the United States was 3730 metric tons (120 X 10 troy oz) (23). This silver is derived from silver mined within the United States silver recycled or reclaimed from secondary sources, eg, coiaage, flatware, jewelry, and photographic materials and imported silver. In 1980, Canada, Mexico, and Pern, the principal exporters of silver to the United States, shipped 1670 tons (53.8 x 10 troy oz) as silver buUion and silver compounds. U.S. imported 2799 t and exported 964 t ia 1988 (23). 

Silber-grube, /. silver mine, -halogen, n. silver hahde. 

Imai, H. (1986) Formation of potash feldspar in the propylites in the epithermal gold-silver mining areas (Preliminary report). Mining Geology, 36, 231-238 (in Japanese). 

Kitami, M. (1973) Recent exploration and development of the Takatama gold and silver mine, Fukushima Prefecture. Mining Geology, 23, 191-197 (in Japanese). 

Shikazono, N. (1985a) Mineralogical and fluid inclusion features of rock alterations in the Seigoshi gold-silver mining district, western part of Izu Peninsula, Japan. Ghent. Geol, 213-230. 

Shikazono, N. (1988a) Oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios of calcite and evolution of hydrothermal activities in the Seigoshi gold-silver mining district, Japan. Mining Geology Special Issue, 12, 1-16. 

Manufacture of cell phones and personal computers consumes 3% of gold and silver mined worldwide each year, and 13% of palladium and 15% of cobalt as well. Electronics contain approximately 60 elements, some valuable and hazardous, or both [13], Recycling the valuable elements is the driving force behind the intensive activities engaged in disposal of e-waste. 

Silver is usually found in extremely low concentrations in natural waters because of its low crustal abundance and low mobility in water (USEPA 1980). One of the highest silver concentrations recorded in freshwater (38 pg/L) occurred in the Colorado River at Loma, Colorado, downstream of an abandoned gold-copper-silver mine, an oil shale extraction plant, a gasoline and coke refinery, and a uranium processing facility (USEPA 1980). The maximum recorded value of silver in tapwater in the United States was 26 pg/L — significantly higher than finished water from the treatment plant (maximum of 5.0 pg/L) — because of the use of tin-silver solders for joining copper pipes in the home, office, or factory (USEPA 1980). 

Silver is a normal trace constituent of many organisms (Smith and Carson 1977). In terrestrial plants, silver concentrations are usually less than 1.0 mg/kg ash weight (equivalent to less than 0.1 mg/kg DW) and are higher in trees, shrubs, and other plants near regions of silver mining. Seeds, nuts, and fruits usually contain higher silver concentrations than other plant parts (USEPA 1980). Silver accumulations in marine algae (max. 14.1 mg/kg DW) are due mainly to adsorption rather than uptake bioconcentration factors of 13,000 to 66,000 are not uncommon (USPHS 1990 Ratte 1999). 

Silvermigration, 9 824 Silver metallization, electroless, 9 697 Silver mine production, worldwide, 22 645t Silver molybdenum oxide, 22 671 Silver nitrate, 22 671-672, 22 672 addition in ruby glass manufacture, 7 344... 

Problem 37 Some silver mines dump shredded iron cans into ponds containing dissolved silver salts. Write the two redox half-reactions and the overall balanced reaction that explains the deposition of silver from the solution. 

Some Ancient Silver Mines. The gold and silver mines of Spain are mentioned in the Apocrypha. In the days of the Maccabees they were in possession of the Romans Now Judas had heard of the fame of the Romans.. .. It was told him also of their wars. . . and what they had done in the Country of Spain, for die winning of the mines of the silver and gold which is there. .. (136). 

In 1700 J.-P. de Toumefort visited the Island of Kimolos in the Aegean Sea. This Island, said he, by the Greeks call d Chimoli, took the name of Argentiere at the time when tile Silver Mines were first discover d there there are still to be seen the Work-houses and Furnaces where they used to prepare this Metal (137). 

The silver mines of Charcas, Peru, were discovered in 1535, those of Potosi, Peru (now part of Bolivia), in 1545, those of Zacatecas, Mexico, in 1548, and those of Guanajuato, Mexico, in 1550 (108). The first coins struck in America were produced in Mexico in 1536 under the viceroy-ship of Antonio de Mendoza. They were of copper and silver (108). 

Herman Boerhaave (1668—1738) said in his New Method of Chemistry that Iron mines are common in most countries of Europe Norway, Poland, Germany, France, England, c. abound with them only America, which is so plentiful in gold and silver mines, has none of iron and accordingly, the natives prefer a metal of so much use infinitely beyond their own treasures (185). Although the Indians, as Boerhaave stated, did not know how to reduce iron ores, the New England colonists worked the bog iron ore of the Saugus River near Lynn, Massachusetts, as early as 1643 (186). 

Some Famous Lead Mines. J.-P. de Toumefort, who visited the Levant in 1700, wrote Siphanto, in days of yore, was famed for its rich Gold and Silver Mines . . . Besides the Mines aforesaid, they have plenty of Lead the Rains make a plain discovery of this, go almost where you will throughout the whole Island. The Oar is greyish, sleek, and yields a Lead like Pewter (210). 

At the time when Vauquelin discovered iodine in a silver mineral from Mexico, M. del Rio, professor of mineralogy in our school of mines, confirmed the presence of the same substance in the horn silver of Albarradon. This latter name is that of a district near that of Mazapil, in the department of Zacatecas. The name of the mountain of Albarradon where the silver mine is located is Temeroso. 

---