Iron mining

FIG. 20-57 Autogenous mill circuit. Simphfied flow diagram of the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co. Empire iron-mine concentrator with two autogenous wet-grinding stages. To convert inches to centimeters, multiply hy 2.54 to convert feet to centimeters, multiply hy 30.5. 

Preliminary investigation into tailings-ground water interactions at the former Steep Rock iron mines, Ontario, Canada... 

Cockerton, S. 2008a. Experimental constraints for the source of sulfate toxicity and predictive water quality for the Hogarth and Caland pit lakes, Steep Rock Iron Mine, Northwestern Ontario, Canada. Mine Water and the Environment Proceedings, 10, 551-554. 

Goold, A.R. 2008. Water quality and toxicity investigations of two pit lakes at the former Steep Rock iron mines, near Atikokan, Ontario. MSc. thesis, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario. 

Niobium has a rather confusing history, starting in 1734 when the first governor of Connecticut, John Winthrop the Younger (1681—1747), discovered a new mineral in the iron mines of the New England. He named this new mineral columbite. Although he did not know what elements the mineral contained, he believed it contained a new and as yet unidentified element. Hence, he sent a sample to the British Museum in London for analysis. It seems that the delivery was mislaid and forgotten for many years until Charles Hatchett (1765-1847) found the old sample and determined that, indeed, a new element was present. Hatchett was unable to isolate this new element that he named columbium, which was derived from the name of Winthrop s mineral. 

Iron ore production for the iron and steel industry accounts for more than 99% of the total iron mined. At present, the largest iron ore mine in the world is Mount Whaleback in the Pilbara district of Western Australia. Most of the ore there is in the form of banded iron formations (BIF) and consists of hematite and goethite. 

Some Famous Iron Mines. The Cerro de Mercado in Durango, north central Mexico, one of the largest iron ore deposits in the world, was discovered by Gines V squez de Mercado in 1552 (108). 

Herman Boerhaave (1668—1738) said in his New Method of Chemistry that Iron mines are common in most countries of Europe Norway, Poland, Germany, France, England, c. abound with them only America, which is so plentiful in gold and silver mines, has none of iron and accordingly, the natives prefer a metal of so much use infinitely beyond their own treasures (185). Although the Indians, as Boerhaave stated, did not know how to reduce iron ores, the New England colonists worked the bog iron ore of the Saugus River near Lynn, Massachusetts, as early as 1643 (186). 

In the following January, Nicholsons Journal stated that the mineral was sent with some iron ores to Sir Hans Sloane by Mr. Winthrop of Massachusetts [sic], and there is therefore every reason to believe that it came from some of the iron mines in that province [sic] (12). 

When he had completed the manganese research, Berzelius set him to work at analyzing a new mineral, petalite, from the iron mine on Uto, one of the many rocky islands or skerries which comprise Stock-... 

Iron (III) oxide exists in mineral form as hematite. It is 70% iron and is the primary source of iron ore in the world. About 90% of the iron mined in the United States is hematite. World production of this ore is more than 1 billion tons. Magnetite and taconite are two other primary iron oxide minerals used as iron ore. The name hematite comes from the blood-red color of powdered hematite. The Greek word hematite means blood-like. Some ancients held the belief that hematite was formed in areas where batdes were fought and blood was spilled into the earth. Large deposits of hematite have been identified on Mars. 

This was used for filling land mines made of cast iron. Although this mixt was less brisant than straight TNT, it was, nevertheless, so hrisant that it broke some cast iron mines into fragments too small to be effective against personnel. The brisance of K 1 Splav was reduced by the insertion in its cast pieces of less brisant expl, such as Schneiderite, which consisted of AN 88 ... 

R. Deniau, Bull Tech ChambreSyndMines FerFrl967, No 88, 143-55(Fr) CA 72, 4823e(1970) (A review is given with no refs on blasting with resultant small quantities of noxious gases in the Loraine iron mines)... 

The most celebrated iron mine of Sweden is that of Dannemora, about thirty miles to the North of Upsala. 

Iron phosphate CBPCs may provide inexpensive means to recycle these waste streams. Iron mine tailings and red mud may be recycled in building components by fabricating ceramics from them at ambient temperature. Iron-rich swarfs may be recycled if a way is found to solidify these fines into pellets and feed them back into a blast furnace. Thus, iron phosphate CBPCs facilitate solidification of iron-rich waste streams and recycling. 

In spite of this limitation, the method is very useful, because it provides a means of forming a ceramic of one of the most common and inexpensive oxides. As discussed before, iron oxide is a component of lateritic soils and red mud, high-volume iron mine tailings, and machining swarfs. Thus, useful products of several mineral waste streams can be formed by the process described in this chapter. Development of ceramics using red mud and swarfs is discussed in Chapter 14. 

Iron mine tailings [3] 50-80 Structural materials products... 

A black Stone from iron mines which exudes a yellowish black sap. 

Iron-coloured Pyrites is mentioned by Avicenna. It is found in certain iron mines. The miners call it Iron Stone, not that it is actually such, but is like it. From most of these six species fire can be struck. Some of them are very heavy, and are more adapted for striking fire, as Pliny observes. Some distinguish a special genus of Pyrites, which abounds in fire, and is called Live Pyrites. We may, indeed, deny that there is any other genus. Those species which are dense and compact, as the first two, abound in fire. The looser the texture, the more subtle and the more broken up, the less fire can be elicited. Albertus, though a man wise in his time, makes extraordinary mistakes about... 

Iron mines Lead mines Molybdenum mines Nickel mines Silver mines Titanium mines Zinc mines Zirconium mines Coal mines Fluorspar mines Granite mines Limestone mines... 

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