Silver cyanide hydroxide

Nitrites Nitrobenzene Nitroethane Nitrogen trichloride Organic nitrites in contact with ammonium salts, cyanides Nitric acid, nitrous oxide, silver perchlorate Hydroxides, hydrocarbons, metal oxides Ammonia, As, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, organic matter, ozone, phosphine, phosphorus, KCN, KOH, Se, dibutyl ether... 

Silvei Silver Chloride Electrodes. Silver silver chloride electrodes may be made from thin sheet silver of high purity, but it is perhaps better to plate silver onto a clean square of platinum sheet or screen. This is made the cathode, and the anode is a strip of very pure sheet silver (at least 99.95 percent pure) in a plating bath containing 41 g silver cyanide, 40 g potassium cyanide, 11 g potassium hydroxide, and 62 g potassium carbonate... 

Formation of Complex Ions.—In certain cases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt is greatly increased, instead of being decreased, by the addition of a common ion a familiar illustration of this behavior is provided by the high solubility of silver cyanide in a solution of cyanide ions. Similarly, mercuric iodide is soluble in the presence of excess of iodide ions and aluminum hydroxide dissolves in solutions of alkali hydroxides. In cases of this kind it is readily shown by transference measurements that the silver, mercury or other cation is actually present in the solution in the form of a complex ion. The solubility of a sparingly soluble salt can be increased by the addition of any substance, whether it... 

The two simple salts of hydrocyanic acid which are used in the synthesis of organic cyanogen compounds are potassium cyanide, K—(CN), and silver cyanide, Ag—(CN). These are both prepared by the action of the metallic oxides or hydroxides on the acid. 

Silver cyanide is a white solid readily formed as a precipitate when solutions of silver are treated with potassium cyanide. It is readily soluble in excess of potassium cyanide forming the double cyanide of silver and potassium. It is also soluble in ammonium hydroxide. 

While these reactions support one constitution for potassium cyanide and the other for silver cyanide yet the two compounds are each prepared from hydrocyanic acid by the action of the respective metallic hydroxides. 

Diethyl tellurium hydroxide cyanide was formed when the corresponding hydroxide chloride was treated with silver cyanide. ... 

Calcium Hydroxide Magnesium Nitrate Silver Cyanide Stannous Chloride... 

Unlike boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium, thallium exists in both stable univalent (thaHous) and trivalent (thaUic) forms. There are numerous thaHous compounds, which are usually more stable than the corresponding thaUic compounds. The thaUium(I) ion resembles the alkaU metal ions and the silver ion in properties. In this respect, it forms a soluble, strongly basic hydroxide and a soluble carbonate, oxide, and cyanide like the alkaU metal ions. However, like the silver ion, it forms a very soluble fluoride, but the other haUdes are insoluble. Thallium (ITT) ion resembles aluminum, gallium, and indium ions in properties. 

Heating with the following solids, their fusions, or vapours (a) oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, nitrates, nitrites, sulphides, cyanides, hexacyano-ferrate(III), and hexacyanoferrate(II) of the alkali and alkaline-earth metals (except oxides and hydroxides of calcium and strontium) (b) molten lead, silver, copper, zinc, bismuth, tin, or gold, or mixtures which form these metals upon reduction (c) phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or silicon, or mixtures which form these elements upon reduction, particularly phosphates, arsenates,... 

Complex formation reactions. These depend upon the combination of ions, other than hydrogen or hydroxide ions, to form a soluble, slightly dissociated ion or compound, as in the titration of a solution of a cyanide with silver nitrate... 

Terminal alkynes can be converted readily into alkynylsilanes by reaction of the corresponding alkyne anion or its metalloid equivalent with a suitable chlorosilane (/). The reverse reaction, that of liberation of the alkyne, is quite facile, being effected by several reagent combinations, including hydroxide ion, methanolysis, fluoride anion, silver(i) followed by cyanide anion, and methyl lithium-lithium bromide (2). 

AgN03 = silver nitrate CICN = cyanogen chloride CN" = cyanide ion CNATC = cyanides not amenable to chlorination (Rosentreter and Skogerboe 1992) AAS = atomic absorption spectroscopy EPA = Environmental Protection Agency FIA = flow injection analysis GC/ECD = gas chromatograph/electron capture detector HCN = hydrogen cyanide NaOH = sodium hydroxide NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health... 

Potassium cyanide (KCN) is a white crystalline substance with a slight odor of bitter almonds. It is produced when hydrogen cyanide is absorbed in potassium hydroxide. It is used to extract gold and silver from their ores, in electroplating computer boards, and as an insecticide. Potassium cyanide is very toxic to the skin or when ingested or inhaled, and it is used as a source of cyanide (CN) gas in gas chambers. 

Phenylacetamide has been obtained by a wide variety of reactions from benzyl cyanide with water at 250-260° 6 from benzyl cyanide with water and cadmium oxide at 240° 6 from benzyl cyanide with sulfuric acid 7 8 by saturation of an acetone solution of benzyl cyanide with potassium hydrosulfide 9 from benzyl cyanide with sodium peroxide 10 by electrolytic reduction of benzyl cyanide in sodium hydroxide 11 from ethyl phenyl-acetate with alcoholic 12 or aqueous 13 ammonia from phenyl-acetic acid with ammonium acetate 14 or urea 15 from diazoacetophenone with ammoniacal silver solution 16 from phenyl-acetic acid imino ether hydrochloride and water 17 from acetophenone with ammonium poly sulfide at 215° 18 from benzoic acid 19 and by heating the ammonium salt of phenyl-acetic acid.20... 

A familiar example is the reaction of dilute ammonium hydroxide with silver ions to give Ag(NH3)2+, which reduces the concentration of free Ag+ to a value below that needed to exceed the solubility product of AgCl (but not that of AgBr or Agl). If ammonia is replaced by cyanide ions, which form more stable complexes, only the more insoluble Agl can be precipitated. Hence by choice of the masking agent used a cation can be selectively masked towards some reagents but not others. 

The silver bath normally Operates with a mole ratio of Ag CN between 1 3 and 1 3.27. Potassium carbonate and hydroxide are also present. The excess or free cyanide ensures formation of the dicyanoargenate(I) ion [Ag(CN)i] and prevents precipitation of the sparingly soluble silver(I) cyanide. Generally, a commercial preference exists to add the free cyanide as KCN rather than NaCN. 

---