Silicon with silanes

Low SP, Williams KA, Canham LT, Voelcker NH (2006) Evaluation of mammalian cell adhesion on surface-modified porous silicon. Biomaterials 27 4538 Makara VA, Klyui NI, Rozhin AG, Litovchenko VG, Piryatinskii YP, Kometa OB (2003) Porous silicon photoluminescence modification by surface treatments and impregnation of carbon based nanoclusters. Phys Status Solidi A-Appl Res 197 355 Makila E, Bimbo LM, Kaasalainen M, Herranz B, Airaksinen AJ, Heinonen M, Kukk E, Hirvonen J, Santos HA, Salonen J (2012) Amine modification of thermally carbonized porous silicon with silane coupling. Langmuir 28 14045... 

Silicon cluster reactions are an example of a newly emerging field of research which is very amenable to study with electronic structure methods. This exercise will examine the potential surface for silicon cation reacting with silane (SiH4). Such reactions are central to the growth of large silicon clusters, which occurs by sequential additions of -SiHj ... 

A common deposition reaction, used widely in semiconductor processing, combines ammonia with silane as the silicon source ... 

The introduction of small amounts of boron into precursors that produce silicon nitride have been known to improve the ceramic yields of silicon nitride and Si—B—C—N ceramics as first reported in 1986.110 Several reports have appeared in the past couple of years alone that utilize borazine precursors such as 2,4-diethylb-orazine and other cyclic boron precursors, such as pinacolborane, 1,3-dimethyl-1, 3-diaza-2-boracyclopentane, for their reactions with silanes, polysilazanes, and polysilylcarbodiimides for the high-yield production of Si—B—N—C ceramics.111... 

The synthesis of organosilicones and organosilicone surfactants has been well described elsewhere [36-39] and hence only a brief review is given here. Industrially the manufacture of silicones is performed stepwise via the alkylchlorosilanes, produced through the reaction of elemental silicon with methyl chloride (the Muller—Rochow Process) [40,41]. Inclusion of HC1 and/or H2(g) into the reaction mixture, as in Eq. (1.2), yields CH3HSiCl2, the precursor to the organofunctional silanes, and therefore the silicone surfactants ... 

Water repellency is achieved by making the surface hydrophobic - ysv has to be reduced as much as possible if ysv - ySL is negative, 9 > 90° C - water repelling materials include waxes, petroleum residues and silicones for example, if =SiOH groups on glass or Si02 surfaces have reacted with silanes to form =SiO—Si—Alkyl... 

While the last elass of eomplexes considered in this section, the compounds 145, closely resemble the usual silane a-complexes, other multicenter H Si interactions discussed above have spectroscopic and structural features common to both the IHI and a-complexes. This enigmatic situation can be explained well by the structure 132 in terms of a a-coordination of the Si-H bonds of the hypervalent ligand (H +iSiX3)" 1) to metal, which thus includes both the hypervalent interaction of the silicon with the hydride atoms and the a-complexation of the Si-H bonds to metals. The key features of complexes with multicenter H Si interactions are summarized in Table VIII, where a comparison with the IHI and the residual H-Si interactions in silane a-complexes is given. 

Comparison of all reported cleavages gives the apparent ordering H > Ph (or aryl) > alkyl in terms of tendency for groups to be cleaved from silicon, with the exception that at least one aryl substituent is retained on silicon in the anion VI. It is clear that reduction of aryl silanes leads to significant weakening of Si—R bonds that have appropriate symmetry for hyperconjugative interactions with the reduced n systems, a point that has been cited as evidence for the importance of n — type interactions in unsaturated silanes (86). 

Further complications with silanes arise from lack of convenient syntheses and difficulties in separation. Nevertheless, compounds from n = I to n = 8 have been isolated, including both straight-chain and branched-chain compounds We should nol judge silicon s tendency to catenate by looking at these hydrides, however, since a much dilfereni result is obtained when substituents other than hydrogen are present.7 Flutters other than inherent Si—Si bond strength must be involved because it is possible to isolate a large number of polysilane polymers 8... 

Germane is used, along with silane, SiH4, to make amorphous or crystalline silicon solar cells having an extended solar energy absorption range to increase conversion efficiency. 

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