Absorption of solar energy

This process does not lead to net ozone depletion because it is rapidly followed by reaction 2, which regenerates the ozone. Reactions 2 and 3 have, however, another important function, namely the absorption of solar energy as a result, the temperature increases with altitude, and this inverted temperature profile gives rise to the stratosphere (see Figure 1). In the lower layer, the troposphere, the temperature decreases with altitude and vertical mixing occurs on a relatively short time scale. In contrast, the stratosphere is very stable towards vertical mixing because of its inverted temperature profile. 

Arking, A., Absorption of Solar Energy in the Atmosphere Discrepancy between Model and Observations, Science, 273, 779-782 (1996). 

Water does not absorb visible light, but one could envision a sequence of reactions that uidize [RiXbpyJj]2 as a photoscnsiiizer for the decomposition. The first step would be absorption of solar energy by (Rufbpy )3 ... 

This relation neglects the very small absorption of solar energy in the transparent cover, and the small temperature drop through the cover. 

Absolute entropy and enthalpy of forma tlon of coal liquids, 374-82 Absolute values approach, 190-91 Absorption of solar energy, 396-97 Accounting method, entropy generation, 220... 

Gray W. M., Frank W. M., Corrin M. L. and Stokes C. A., Weather modification by carbon dust absorption of solar energy. J. Appl. Meteorol. , 75, 355-386 (1976). 

In a solar pond, the absorption of solar energy can be modeled as heat generation and can be approximated by = where cq is the rate of heat absorption at the top surface pec unit votume and I) is a constant. Obtain a relation for the total tateof heat generation in a water layer of surface area 4 and thickness L at tlie top of the pond. 

Czysek, W., Wensierski, W., Dera, J., 1979. The inflow and absorption of solar energy in Baltic water (in Polish). Studia i Materialy Oceanologiczne, Meteorologia morska, KBN-PAN, 26, 103-140. 

Solar-activated photodissociation processes generally involve cleavage of a simple molecule into several energetic products. Limitations of this approach include the limited absorption of solar energy by the molecule, low quantum yields, rapid back reaction and difficulties separating the product species. Storage by such processes is exemplified by the cell of Marcus et al. (1961), based on the reaction... 

Figure 4-12. Appearance of a characteristic layer due to absorption of solar energy. Distribution obtained by Chapman theory for different values of the solar zenith angle.

Solar-activated photodissociation processes generally involve cleavage of a simple molecule into several energetic products. Limitations of this approach include the limited absorption of solar energy by the molecule, low quantmn... 

G. A. Niklasson and C. G. Granquist, Surfaces for selective absorption of solar energy an annotated bibliography, 1955-1981, Journal of Materials Science, 18,3475-3534 (1983). 

Several quantum cutting regimes have been utilized with most of them involving Gd " and Pr " since these ions have high energy levels from which the initial photon is released. However, these levels lie too high for effective absorption of solar energy. The emission from Yb " is just above the band gap of crystalline Si. Hence, the downconversion in which one blue photon ( 483 nm) is absorbed by Tb " and used to sensitize two Yb " ions for Vs/2 emission near 1 pm has... 

In modified porphyrins such as chlorophylls, this oxidation can be driven by the absorption of solar energy. Chlorophylls harvest light energy and channel it for use in photosynthesis. Chlorophylls are closely related to porphyrins. In the case of chlorophyll, however, the metal is magnesium and the ligand includes a reduced and modified porphyrin. In photohsystems I and II, chlorophylls form weak dimers, which is one way plants control absorption of the proper solar radiation. The chlorophyll shown in Fig. 5 contains a long alkane chain that helps it associate with the membrane within a chloroplast. 

Absorption of solar energy by NOj produces NO and atomic oxygen, O. 

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