Signal light sensors

The prototype family A receptor, rhodopsin itself, clearly functions as a monomer despite its occurrence in very high density in the light-sensitive membranes however, it could be argued that rhodopsin should not be used as an example for receptors in general as it has very special requirements in respect to signaling due to its function as an ultra-rapid light sensor. 

Halavaty, A. S. and K. Moffat (2007). N- and C-terminal flanking regions modulate light-induced signal transduction in the LOV2 domain of the blue-light sensor photo tropin 1 from Avena sativa. Biochemistry 46 14001-14009. 

A photomultiplier tube is a light sensor combined with a signal amplifier. The light emerging from the sample compartment strikes the photosensitive surface and the resulting electrical signal is amplified. 

For detecting part ejection, you should use infrared-light sensors to minimize the chances of false signals because of oil droplets in the sensing field. 

In e-textiles, conductive metal or polymeric fibres need to be embedded in the fabrics to carry the signals, which are created by the sensors that react to various input parameters such as sound, light, movement and chemicals, as well as to certain gases and liquid vapours in the environment. The sensors can be classified as light sensors. 

Sensors and actuators can be used for the detection and signalling (light, sound, haptic feedback) of threats such as bombs, improvised explosive devices (lEDs), mortars, toxic gases or even unexpected attacks from enemies (Chapman, 2012). The sensors and actuators can be integrated into military uniforms, accessories or vehicles and linked to the warning systems. 

A control interface can be used to control the complete CMS, e.g., in order to set the zoom factor or to select a specific field of view. If a CMS is integrated into a modem vehicle, interactions with other vehicle systems are an unavoidable consequence. A CMS thus requires interfaces, for example, to the following vehicle systems gear selection, door control unit, seat control unit, rain sensor, light sensor, and turn signals. These interfaces are typically realized via the vehicle busses... 

Both electronic and microcomputer-based controls require information about the state of the controlled system. Sensors convert different physical variables into an electric signal that is conditioned and typically converted to a digital signal to be used in microcontrollers. The trend in the construction techniques of modern sensors is the use of silicon microstrnctures because of the good performance and the low cost of this type of device. In the energy control scope the main quantities to be measured are the temperature, pressure, flow, light intensity, humidity (RH), and the electric quantities of voltage and current. 

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