Shimizu studies

T. Shimizu, "Studies on Strobe Light Pyrotechnic Compositions," Pyrotechnica VIII, Pyrotechnica Publications,... 

Senko-Hanabi is an old firework in Japan. In 1927 Dr.Nakaya first presented the results of his physical study on this itemCNakaya and Sekiguchi Riken Report,6,p.IO83(1927)). In 1957 the author made an effort to clarify the mechanism of sparks from the chemical point of view[T. Shimizu Studies in fireworks on the Japanese Senko-Hanabi, Journal of the Industrial Explosive Society,Japan,1, p.359(1957 )) A.Maeda and his pupils at Shinjuku High School in Tokyo made experiments on the problem in detail(Shinjuku-Koko(High School), Studies on the old Japanese firework Senko-Hanabi(1962)). Here is a summary of the important results in precis. 

T. Shimizu, Studies on Firefly Compositions (Aluminum - Charcoal Type) , Pyrotechnica NTl, 1988. 

T. Shimizu, Studies on Blue and Purple Compositions Made with Potassium Perchlorate , Pyrotechnica VI, 1980. 

T. Shimizu, Studies on microstars, in Pyrotechnica X, Austin, TX Pyrotechnica Publications, 1985. 

Y. Shimizu and co-workers, "Life Span Study Report 11, Part 1, Comparison of Risk Coefficients for Site-Specific Cancer MortaUty," Technical Report RERF-TR-12-87, Radiation Effect Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan, 1987. 

Hjertberg et al. [72] have studied various PVC samples using Shimizu and Ohtsu s method [69]. They concluded that this method mainly gave a measure of the content of saturated 1,2-dichloroethyl chain end groups, the presence of which has been conclusively demonstrated [73]. With caution they contend there are 0-0.2 head-to-head structures per 1,000 monomer units. 

Kometani K., Shimizu H. Study of the dipolar relaxation by a continued fraction representation of the time correlation function, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 30, 1036-48 (1971). 

Rey, C., Renugopalakrishnan, V., Shimizu, M., Collins, B. and Glimcher, M.J. 1991 A resolution-enhanced Fourier transform spectroscopic study of the environment of the COj ion in the mineral phase of enamel during its formation and maturation. Calcified Tissue International 49 259-268. 

Shimizu et al. (56) studied the biosynthesis of the STX analog neoSTX using Aph, flos-aquae NH-1. They were able to confirm its presence in strain NH-1 and to explain the biosynthetic pathway for this important group of secondary chemicals. 

The previous studies on the Tsugu deposit (Tsuboya, 1936 Tatsumi, 1948 Shikazono and Shimizu, 1988b) demonstrated that ... 

Shimizu and Shikazono (1987) studied the compositional relations of coexisting stannoidite, sphalerite and tennantite-tetrahedrite (Fig. 1.182). Based on these data they estimated the sulfur fugacity of stannoidite-bearing tin ore. Considering the complementary work on stannite-bearing tin ores from Japanese ore deposits (Shimizu and Shikazono, 1985), a comparison between environmental conditions of these two types of tin sulfides was made. Their study is described below. 

Figure 1.191. Location of gold vein-type deposits in the Yamizo Mountains. Dotted area represents the Yamizo Mountains except the Toriashi and Tsukuba blocks. Open circle Au vein-type deposits, solid circle studied Au vein-type deposits, square city or town (Shimizu and Shikazono, 1987).

Shimizu and Shikazono (1987) studied gold-quartz vein-type deposits in Yamizo mountain, central Japan. Their study is summarized below. 

Shimizu H, Christmann K, Ertl G. 1980. Model studies on bimetallic Cu/Ru catalysts II. Adsorption of hydrogen. J Catal 61 412. 

Shimizu, K.I., Kawabata, H., Maeshima, H. et al. (2000) Intermediates in the selective reduction of NO by propene over Cu-Al203 catalysts Transient in-Situ FTIR study, J. Phys. Chem. B, 104, 2885. 

Specific structural features are observed in the formation of composite oxides. Kobayashi, Shimizu, and their co-workers have, in a series of papers, reported studies of the structure of barrier alumina films, anodically formed on aluminum covered by a thin (5 nm) layer of thermal oxide.198,199 Their experiments have shown that the thermally oxidized thin layer generally contains y- alumina crystals of about 0.2 nm size. This layer does not have a pronounced effect on ionic transport in the oxide during anodization. Also, islands of y -alumina are formed around the middle of anodic barrier oxides. They are nucleated and developed from tiny crystals of y -Al203 and grow rapidly in the lateral direction under prolonged anodization.198,199... 

Stromgaard K, Saito DR, Shindou H, Ishii S, Shimizu T and Nakanishi K (2002). Ginkgolide derivatives for photolabeling studies Preparation and pharmacological evaluation. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 45, 4038-4046. 

Shimizu and co-workers reported that thermal decomposition of A4-thiabenzenes ylides afforded both thienofuran and thiophene derivatives in addition to the expected alkyl-rearranged products. A plausible mechanism was proposed with a [3.1.0] bicyclic sulfonium salt 9 as the key reactive intermediate <2001J(P1)2269>. Warren and co-workers, in their study of stereospecific phenysulfanyl migrations, found that [l,4]-sulfanyl participation could compete with the usual [l,2]-sulfanyl participation <1999SL1211>. Rearrangement of alcohol 18 with TsCl in pyridine gave an inseparable mixture of isomeric chlorides, 19 and 20, in a ratio of 52 48, as shown in Equation (3). 

Thiopyrylium ions have been shown to behave as effective dienophiles. Shimizu and co-workers demonstrated that 2-benzothiopyrylium salts undergo [4+2+]-type cationic polar cycloadditions with various 1,3-dienes yield benzo-fused bicyclic sulfonium salts <1994J(P1)3129> (see Section 8.32.2.1.2 of CHEC-II(1996)). However, in this study the authors observed that cycloaddition of 2-benzothiopyrylium salt 40 with 2,3-dimethylbuta-l,3-diene 41a with prolonged reaction times caused a decrease in yield of the cycloadduct 22a (see entries 1 and 2 in Table 5 and Equation 10). In fact, stirring of the reaction mixture for 30 h did not afford the cycloadduct at all, see entry 3, but gave an undetermined complex mixture. 

In 2003, Williams and Mander reported a method designed to access the hetisine alkaloids (Scheme 1.3) [27]. This approach, based upon a previously disclosed strategy by Shimizu et al. [28], relied on arylation of a bridgehead carbon via a carbocation intermediate in the key step. Beginning with (1-keto ester 46, double Mannich reaction provided piperidine 47. Following a straightforward sequence, piperidine 47 was transformed to the pivotal bromide intermediate 48. In the key step, bromide 48 was treated with silver (I) 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate in nitro-methane (optimized conditions) to provide 49 as the most advanced intermediate of the study, in 54 % yield. 

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