Shiga toxin effects

Different EHEC serotypes are often found in ruminant populations, but most of the research to elucidate the effect of feed type on EHEC prevalence has been based on serotype 0157 H7. The preference for this pathogenic strain is due to its public health importance, its unique phenotypic characteristics that allow a relatively easy identification compared to other serotypes and the fact that ruminants are its most important natural reservoir. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are a larger group that includes EHEC and have also been found in ruminant populations in relatively large prevalence. Because the pathogenicity of most STEC has not been proven, we will focus our discussion on serotype 0157 H7. 

Louise CB, Obrig TG Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome Combined cytotoxic effects of Shiga toxin, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha on human vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Infect Immun 1991 59 4173-4179. 

O Loughlin EV, Robins-Browne RM Effect of Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxins on eukaryotic cells. Microbes Infect 2001 3 493-507. 

Carey, C. M., Kostryznska, M., Ojha, S., and Thompson, S. (2008). The effect of probiotics and organic acids on Shiga-toxin 2 gene expression in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157 H7.. Microbiol. Methods [Epub.]. 

Miedouge M, Hacini J, Grimont F, Watine J. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli urinary tract infection associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome in an adult and possible adverse effect of ofloxacin therapy. Qin Infect Dis 2000 30(2) 395-6. 

However, the presence of cytotoxicity in the extract could be due to other toxins or bacterial products, it is necessary to perform a neutralization assay with specific antisera to confirm that the cytopathic effect is due to the production of Shiga toxins. Moreover, in absence of neutralization assay, VGA lacks specificity (Rahn et al. 1996). Therefore, the Vero Cells assay have been largely supplanted by immunologically-based and DNA-based method for the detection of STEC, but is still used for confirmation of Shiga toxin production from pure cultures. 

Effect of microinjected antibodies on cell intoxication by Pseudomonas and Shiga toxin. 

Effect of microinjected antibodies directed against COPI proteins on the transport of wild type Shiga toxin B-subunit or Shiga toxin B-KDEL from Golgi complex to the ER. 

Sood A, Mathew R, Trachtman H. Cytoprotective effect of curcumin in human proximal tubule epitheUal cells exposed to shiga toxin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001 283 36-41... 

Several groups have employed polyamino acid backbones as templates for the display of multiple carbohydrate residues [164,165]. For example, potent E-selectin antagonists have been generated from poly lysine [166,167] These materials are highly effective inhibitors of leukocyte rolling. Multivalent polylysine displays have also been used to inhibit Shiga-like toxin binding [168]. 

Smith D.C., Sillence D.J., Falguieres T., Jarvis R.M., Johannes L., Lord J.M., Platt F.M., Roberts L.M., The association of Shiga-like toxin with detergent-resistant membranes is modulated by glucosylceramide and is an essential requirement in the endoplasmic reticulum for a cytotoxic effect. Molecular Biology of the Cell 17 (2006) 1375-1387. 

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