Cytoprotective effect

CNTF is expressed in glial cells within the central and peripheral nervous system. CNTF lacks a signal sequence and is not secreted by the classical secretory pathway, but is thought to convey its cytoprotective effects after release from adult glial cells by some mechanism induced by injury [3,5]. 

Saibil, F.G., Sherman, J.A., Heller, D.J., Liepert, T.T. and Janossy, T. (1990). Microcirculatory and cytoprotective effects of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in gastric and jejunal mucosae. Gastroenterology 98, A201. 

Ursodiol may slow progression of liver disease. It improves bile flow and may displace toxic bile acids that accumulate in a cholestatic liver, stimulate bicarbonate secretion into the bile, offer a cytoprotective effect, and reduce elevated liver tests. Ursodiol is typically dosed at 15 to 20 mg/kg per day in two divided doses and may be rounded to the nearest tablet size.5,7... 

Li YF, Liu YQ, Ming Y, et al. The cytoprotective effect of inulin-type hexasaccharide extracted from Morinda officinalis on PC 12 cells against the lesion induced by corticosterone. Life Sci 2004 75 1531-1538. 

V. Pragnacharyulu, A. Fox, and P. J. Marangos, Regulation of adenosine concentration and cytoprotective effects of novel reversible adenosine deaminase inhibitors, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 283 1230 (1997). 

Iron(III)-TMPyP rapidly catalyzes the isomerization of ONO2 to NO3 (447) and the reaction also involves formation of an oxoFe(IV) intermediate. Iron(III)-TMPyP has been shown to have significant cytoprotective effects on cells both in vitro and in vivo and does not elevate mean arterial pressure suggesting a lack of interaction with NO (448). 

Weinberg, J.M., Davis, J.A., Abarzua, M. and Rajan, T. (1987). Cytoprotective effects of glycine and glutathione against hypoxic injury to renal tubules. J. Clin. Invest. 80 1446-1454. 

Gilardi, J. D., Duffey, S. S., Munn, C. A., and Tell, L. A. (1999). Biochemical functions of geophagy in parrots detoxification of dietary toxins and cytoprotective effects. Journal of Chemical Ecology 25,897-922. 

However the dosages that are needed to inhibit gastric acid secretion are higher than those for achieving cytoprotective effects, i.e. enhanced secretion of mucus and HCO3 . Its indication is mainly protection against NSAID-associated gastric ulceration. Only misoprostol 800 pg/day has been directly shown to reduce the risk of ulcer complications. 

Sucralfate is used in the management of peptic ulceration and of reflux oesophagitis, and its cytoprotective effects may be of benefit in radiation-induced mucosal damage elsewhere in the GI tract. 

Fig. 13.4 (continued) (e) This reduction persisted in the presence of the Aj receptor antagonist DPCPX in WT animals (n = 10 mice), in support of the concept that the protective response to this novel agonist is mediated by the A3 but not the Aj receptor, (f) The protective effect of MRS3558 was completely abrogated in PLC(32/(33 null-mice, providing further evidence for the hypothesis that the A3 receptor signals via PLCfS to achieve its cytoprotective effect... 

For many years, the cytoprotective effects of plant phenolic compounds were attributed to their ability to direct scavenge oxidants and free radicals. However, as discussed in the last section, this concept is oversimplified and misleading. More and more evidence suggess that plant phenolic compounds could interact with cellular components and trigger a series of cellular responses, which are able to modulate the redox status of the cells and protect the cells from potentially toxic electrophiles/oxidants. 

Sucralfate [Carafate, Sulcrate). Sucralfate is a disaccharide that exerts a cytoprotective effect on the stomach mucosa.26,37 Although the exact mechanism is unclear, sucralfate may form a protective gel within the stomach that adheres to ulcers and shields them from the contents of the stomach. The protective barrier formed by the drug prevents further erosion and permits healing of duodenal and gastric ulcers. Sucralfate is well tolerated, although constipation may occur in some patients. 

As shown in Table 6.2, significant cytoprotective effects in cells against cytokine- and/or ROS-mediated fi cell injury have... 

Takahashi M, Sawaguchi T, Sawaguchi A, Suzuki T. The cytoprotective effect of protease inhibitor on programmed cell death of endothelial cell. Tokyo Joshi Ika Daigaku Zasshi 2001 71 669-678. 

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