Sheet laminated

Typical of the temporary or manufacturing aid coating systems is the RISTON dry film photoresist for printed circuit (PC) board fabrication. This was the first of these systems developed. The RISTON product stmcture and the basic steps in its use are shown in Figure 2. It consists of a photopolymer sheet laminated between a Mylar cover sheet and a polyolefin separation sheet. It is manufactured as a continuous web (see Coating PROCESSES, survey), and is suppHed in roUs of varying width and photopolymer composition. 

Processors Some companies manufacture their own polymeric materials for subsequent processing, but the majority purchases the necessary polymeric materials from other companies. Processors may specialize in the use of selected polymers, such as nylons and polycarbonates, or focus on particular techniques of processing, such as coatings, films, sheets, laminates, and bulk molded and reinforced plastics. 

This polymer film composition can be extruded into a polymer film sheet laminated to or co-extruded with a thermoplastic synthetic resin sheet to make a thermoformable inner liner. The ther-moformable inner liner is thermoformed, trimmed, and nested in a spaced relationship within an outer wall element, after which a polymer foam is injected to the space between the inner liner and the outer wall element. 

Common to these photopolymer products was the use of coinitiators, such as 2-MBO, diacrylate and triacrylate monomers, binders, and other additives as required. In general, the film products were coated on a polyester support and a polyolefin sheet laminated to the coated material, to permit exposure of the films in an oxygen-free environment, as was required to obviate the chain-stopping effect of peroxide formation. 

Foils and sheets Laminated glass Laminated plashes "Clad" metals... 

Takai, M., and Shimizu, Y. 1995. Squid P-chitin sheet laminated with salmon skin collagen as an artificial human skin. Report of the cooperative study on Development of functional membrane using marine bioresources collagen. Supported by grant in aid of Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan for Industrial-Academe cooperation, 20. 

With additional financial backing, the first Formica -brand sheet laminate came off the press in July of 1914. 

Having secured the list of subclasses needed, the searcher proceeds to gather them from the racks in the stack room. Each rackful consists of a flat pile of unboimd hard copies of patents (each sheet laminated for stiffness) between two thick cover sheets, the upper one being imprinted with the class, subclass, and rack number. 

The fabrication or conversion processes for plastics vary according to what is being produced, i.e. films, sheets, laminates, components or containers. Films or sheets are produced by similar processes. Laminates may be produced by adhering films to other materials or by coextrusion. The use of the latter, a process more ideal when high quantities are required of certain constructions, is increasing. Coextrusion can therefore combine the properties of several materials in thinner gauges, and frequently more economically than other alternative processes. However, normal lamination techniques have to be used if plies of paper or foil are involved (see Chapter 9). 

Figure 3, Point Focusing Concentrator (Plastic Film/Steel Sheet Laminate).

ASTM D3985 Standard test method for determining the steady-state transmission rate of oxygen gas through a plastic film, sheeting, laminates, coextrusions, or plastic-coated paper or fabric. An American Society for Testing of Materials. 

Table 4.3 provides a comparison between the helium permeation rates in two films, a laminate incorporating a 6 pm aluminium foil, PET 12 pm/Aluminium 6 pm/HDPE 50 pm (Film B) and a multi-layered barrier composed of four aluminium-sputtered PET sheets laminated onto a 50 pm PE (Film A). Tests were run at 24 °C. From the measurement of... 

In laminating or coating, a preformed solid film of plastic is bonded with glue or adhesive directly onto the material to be laminated. Composite films of cellulose and poly(ethylene), for example, are produced in this way. In these composite films, the cellulose protects from foreign odors and the poly(ethylene) assures water-tightness. Composite films of poly(isobutylene) and poly(ethylene) are used in the construction of chemical apparatus made of steel. Poly(ethylene) takes care of the protection against corrosion, and poly(isobutylene), with adhesives, the adhesion to steel. Steel sheet laminated with PVC can be processed as normal, but is noncorrosive in the absence of any further treatment. Metal aircraft parts are often coated with films of poly(tetrafluoroethylene). Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) is difficult to wet, and this decreases the tendency to ice over. 

ASTM D1532, Polyester Glass-Mat Sheet Laminate ... 

Mass-Lamination. Sheet sizes can be 24 x 48 in. 36 x 48 in. 48 x 52 in. 1.5 meters x 2 meters or other similar large formats. This approach is well suited to medium or mainstream technology requirements in fines and spaces, and hole-to-pad ratio. It works best with larger sized PWBs since too many small PWBs leave too much blank space between the circuits, wasting the principal advantage of full-sheet lamination.Typically, the copper foils are... 

---