Lamination technique

Production of decorated melamine plastic dinner plates makes use of molding and laminating techniques. The pattern is ptinted on the same type of paper used for the protective overlay of decorative lamiaates, treated with melamine resia and dried, and then cut iato disks of the appropriate size. 

Many published results on electronic transport properties of organic materials, where metal contacts are usually made by evaporation of metals, do not describe the quality of the organic/metal interface, and some exotic observed features may perhaps be ascribed to extrinsic effects such as metal diffusion. The relatively simple contact lamination technique may become an alternative, since it provides a means for establishing electrical contacts without the potential disruption of the organic material associated with metal evaporation. The method consists in bringing the organic layer into mechanical contact with an elastomeric element coated with a thin metal film, which can also be patterned. The contacts are robust and reversible... 

The fabrication or conversion processes for plastics vary according to what is being produced, i.e. films, sheets, laminates, components or containers. Films or sheets are produced by similar processes. Laminates may be produced by adhering films to other materials or by coextrusion. The use of the latter, a process more ideal when high quantities are required of certain constructions, is increasing. Coextrusion can therefore combine the properties of several materials in thinner gauges, and frequently more economically than other alternative processes. However, normal lamination techniques have to be used if plies of paper or foil are involved (see Chapter 9). 

Combining pCP with lamination techniques [85,86], Loo and coworkers fabricated top-contact organic transistor arrays on plastic substrates. This procedure was subsequently called soft-contact lamination (ScL) [87,88]. ScL exploits the conformal properties of PDMS, so individual components of the device can be made separately and then laminated together in the final step. This feature of ScL is particularly useful for assembling OTFTs considering the chemical and mechanical fragility of the organic semiconductor. 

During the initial hot-rolling process, slabs of few centimetres thick are transformed into sheets 2 mm thick. The final thickness (0.25-0.40 mm) is achieved through a two-step, cold lamination technique. This severe deformation results in the creation of defects (mainly dislocations) and internal stresses in the sheet thermal treatments at the end and between the lamination stages are needed to restore the stress-free condition to grains and to obtain the required soft magnetic properties. 

The dimensions of the microcell containing active centers of two types and immobilized on the polymer are about half the average distance between the centers of the bifunctional catalyst pairs. The - M2 distance (r) can be controlled at the stage of synthesis of these heterometallic polymers. For example, in the immobilized azomethine heterometallic complexes, the average Ti(4+) - Ni(2+) distance is 2.2 A they are synthesized by a consecutive lamination technique as shown below (62) ... 

Progress has also been made in lamination techniques in recent years. The current state of the art is represented by solvent-free hot melt adhesives applied directly to the back of the decor elements. The hot melt adhesives are activated by... 

Woodmff FA. Coating and laminating techniques. In Clemson University presents — industrial textiles. USA Conference at Clemson University 1998. 

Composites are often constructed by bonding two materials together as in the laminating technique. In the case of synthetic leathers, called poromers, layers of different plastics are bonded together. Corfam, the first product of this type, consists, for example, of an upper layer of vapor-permeable polyurethane and a central layer of a mixed fabric consisting of porous 95% poly(ethylene terephthalate) fleece held together by an elastomeric polyurethane cord. The fleece is produced from fibrils (see Section 12.3.1). 

Lamination techniques allow the combination of several materials to form a multi-layer structure with properties superior to their component layers (see Laminating). However, adhesive lamination as a means of producing a multi-layer laminate generally involves several machine passes or expensive, large, complex multi-station laminators. In addition, these techniques generally rely on solvent-based materials, although some 100%... 

PHBV is thermoplastic and can be processed by injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, film and fiber forming, and lamination techniques. Significantly, PHBV is stable in humid air and its barrier properties are not humidity-dependent. 

Each of these combinations of materials can be considered composites on a microscale. Ceramic composites, which can be considered composites on a macroscopic scale, include laminated structures and composites that have been termed functionally gradient materials (FGMs). FGMs, which are designed to have smooth gradients in composition, have been fabricated by vapor deposition, plasma sputtering, and electrodeposition techniques. Lamination techniques are used for FGM applications in which more abrupt compositional changes are acceptable. 

An unaccelerated, chemical resistant, isophthalic resin offering good flexibility for the manufacture of pipes, vessels and tank liners, using casting or spray/projection lamination techniques. 

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