Nicotine pharmacology

Swanson, K.L., Aronstam, R.S., Wotmacott, S., Rapoport, H., and Albuquerque, E.X. 1991. Nicotinic pharmacology of anatoxin analogues. 1. side-chain structure-activity-relationships at peripheral agonist and noncompetitive antagonist sites. 

West, R. Si Russell, M. A. H. (1985). Nicotine pharmacology and smoking dependence. In S. D. Iverson (Ed.), Psychopharmacoloyty Recent advances and future prospects303-314). Oxford, LIK Oxford Llnivcrsity Press. 

Wonnacott S, Jackman S, Swanson KL, Rapoport H, Albuquerque EX (1991) Nicotinic pharmacology of anatoxin analogs, n. Side chain structure-activity relationships at neuronal nicotinic ligand binding sites. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 259 387-391... 

Despite stmctural similarities, the pharmacological consequences of excesses of these substances are quite different. Due to the interest in the effects of nicotinic acid on atherosclerosis, and in particular its use based on its abiUty to lower semm cholesterol, the toxicity of large doses of nicotinic acid has been evaluated. Eor example, in a study designed to assess its abiUty to lower semm cholesterol, only 28% of the patients remained in the study after receiving a large initial dose of 4 g of nicotinic acid due to intolerance at these large doses (70). 

Cytisine. This base belongs to the same pharmacological group as nicotine.It is a powerful poison causing nausea, convulsions and death by failure of respiration. The nicotine-like action is shared by A -methyl-cytisine but the latter, according to Scott and Chen, who have made a detailed study of its action, is weaker and has about one-fortieth the toxicity of nicotine. 

Replacement of one of the benzene rings by pyridine in the fenamic acid-type analgesics leads to an agent with full pharmacologic activity. Treatment of the N-oxide of nicotinic acid with phosphorus trichloride followed by hydrolysis of the acid... 

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) exerts its diverse pharmacological actions via binding to and subsequent activation of two general classes of cell surface receptors, the nicotinic and the mAChRs. These two classes of ACh receptors have distinct structural and functional properties. The nicotinic receptors,... 

Cinciprinni PM, McClure JB Smoking cessation recent developments in behavioral and pharmacologic interventions. Oncology 12 249-239, 1998 Clarke PB Nicotinic receptor blockade therapy and smoking cessation. Br J Addict 86 501-503, 1991... 

GeorgeTP, O Malley SS Current pharmacological treatments for nicotine dependence. Trends Pharmacol Sci 25 42 8, 2004... 

Hays JT, Hurt RD, Rigotti NA, et al Sustained-release bupropion for pharmacologic relapse prevention after smoking cessation. Ann Intern Med 135 423 33, 2001 Henningfleld JE Nicotine medications for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med 333 1196-1203, 1995... 

The debut of the selective AChR agonist (+)-anatoxin-a has provided a new tool for AChR physiology and pharmacology. (+)-Anatoxin not only has high affinity for the nicotinic AChR but it also has high selectivity for nicotinic over muscarinic receptors in the mammalian CNS. Recently, the use of (+)-anatoxin-a was essential to the identification of nicotinic receptors on cultured neurons (4), We are studying the features which allow it to bind with high affinity to the peripheral and central nicotinic receptors and the kinetic effects on receptor conformational... 

Chapter 1 which showed that since muscarine mimicked some of the actions of ACh (but not all) while nicotine mimicked the other actions of ACh, then ACh probably acted on two distinct types of receptors. The fact that atropine antagonised the muscarinic effects of ACh but not the nicotinic effects, while tubocurarine blocked the nicotinic effects provided firm evidence for this concept. These simple qualitative observations by Langley and others at the beginning of the twentieth century led to the development of more quantitative pharmacological methods that were subsequently used to identify and classify receptors. These methods were based on the use of both (1) agonist and (2) antagonist drugs ... 

Lukas, RJ, Changeux, JP, Le Novere, N, Albuquerque, EX, Balfour, DJ, Berg, DK, Bertrand, D, Chiappinelli, VA, Clarke, PB, Collins, AC, Dani, JA, Grady, SR, Kellar, KJ, Lindstrom, JM, Marks, MJ, Quik, M, Taylor, PW and Wonnacott, S (1999) International Union of Pharmacology. XX. Current status of the nomenclature for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and their subunits. Pharmacol. Rev. 51(2) 397 01. 

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