Sensors, biomedical

With the introduction of modern electronics, inexpensive computers, and new materials there is a resurgence of voltammetric techniques in various branches of science as evident in hundreds of new publications. Now, voltammetry can be performed with a nano-electrode for the detection of single molecular events [1], similar electrodes can be used to monitor the activity of neurotransmitter in a single living cell in subnanoliter volume electrochemical cell [2], measurement of fast electron transfer kinetics, trace metal analysis, etc. Voltammetric sensors are now commonplace in gas sensors (home CO sensor), biomedical sensors (blood glucose meter), and detectors for liquid chromatography. Voltammetric sensors appear to be an ideal candidate for miniaturization and mass production. This is evident in the development of lab-on-chip... 

Introduction Description of Sensors Biomedical Applications of Physical Sensors... 

On-line and in-vivo analysis e.g. CHEMFETS, solid state gas sensors, biomedical sensors. 

Herber, S., Bomer, J., Olthuis, W., Bergveld, P. and van den Berg, A. (2005) A miniaturized carbon dioxide gas sensor based on sensing of pH-sensitive hydrogel swelUng with a pressure sensor. Biomedical Microdevices, 7,197-204. 

Many complex systems have been spread on liquid interfaces for a variety of reasons. We begin this chapter with a discussion of the behavior of synthetic polymers at the liquid-air interface. Most of these systems are linear macromolecules however, rigid-rod polymers and more complex structures are of interest for potential optoelectronic applications. Biological macromolecules are spread at the liquid-vapor interface to fabricate sensors and other biomedical devices. In addition, the study of proteins at the air-water interface yields important information on enzymatic recognition, and membrane protein behavior. We touch on other biological systems, namely, phospholipids and cholesterol monolayers. These systems are so widely and routinely studied these days that they were also mentioned in some detail in Chapter IV. The closely related matter of bilayers and vesicles is also briefly addressed. 

Koudelka-Flep M and Van der Wal P D 2000 Microelectrode sensors for biomedical and environmental applications Electrochim. Acta 45 2437... 

All main aspects of analytical and bioanalytical sciences is covered by the conference program. AC CA-05 consists of 12 invited lectures and seven symposia General Aspects of Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Methods, Objects of the Analysis,. Sensors and Tests, Separation and Pre-concentration, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, History and Methodology of Analytical Chemistry. Conference program includes two special symposia Memorial one, dedicated to Anatoly Babko and Analytical Russian-Germany-Ukrainian symposium (ARGUS-9). 

Cheung, P. W., Fleming, D. G., Ko, W. H., Neuman, M. R., eds. Theory, Design and Biomedical Applications of Solid State Chemical Sensors, West Palm Beach, Florida, CRC Press 1978... 

Peterson J.I., Vurek G.G., Fiber-optic sensors for biomedical applications, Science 1984 224 123. 

Recent developments in microsystems technology have led to the widespread application of microfabrication techniques for the production of sensor platforms. These techniques have had a major impact on the development of so-called Lab-on-a-Chip devices. The major application areas for theses devices are biomedical diagnostics, industrial process monitoring, environmental monitoring, drug discovery, and defence. In the context of biomedical diagnostic applications, for example, such devices are intended to provide quantitative chemical or biochemical information on samples such as blood, sweat and saliva while using minimal sample volume. 

This aspect makes it clear why optical fibre sensors for medical applications have been characterised by a remarkable development after the introduction of optical fibres. The first invasive optical fibre oximeter which was described in 19641, can be considered one of the first optical fibre sensors. Since then, many sensors have been proposed which find application in different biomedical areas, ranging from cardiovascular and intensive care to angiology, gastroenterology and ophthalmology. Some of these are still at the prototype level, whereas others are already available on the market. 

A variety of optical oxygen sensor systems have been developed for applications such as biomedical, environmental and process control . But very few of them have been critically assessed for their suitability for food packaging applications. It has been proven that substantial development, optimization and redesign of the oxygen-sensitive materials and fabrication processes are required for the oxygen sensors to match practical requirements for these applications5. In particular, specific requirements of food applications are ... 

Wolfbeis O.S., Fluorescence-based optical sensors for biomedical applications, In Scheggi A.M.V., Martelluci, S., Chester, A.N., Pratesi, R. (Eds.), Biomedical Optical Instrumentation and laser-Assisted Biotechnology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996, p.327-337. 

ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS, BIOSENSORS AND THEIR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS jrw - ... 

Electrochemical Sensors, Biosensors and Their Biomedical Applications... 

The goal of this book is to cover the full scope of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. It offers a survey of the principles, design and biomedical applications of the most popular types of electrochemical devices in use today. The book is aimed at all scientists and engineers who are interested in developing and using chemical sensors and biosensors. By discussing recent advances, it is hoped to bridge the common gap between research literature and standard textbooks. 

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