Biomedical diagnostic applications

Recent developments in microsystems technology have led to the widespread application of microfabrication techniques for the production of sensor platforms. These techniques have had a major impact on the development of so-called Lab-on-a-Chip devices. The major application areas for theses devices are biomedical diagnostics, industrial process monitoring, environmental monitoring, drug discovery, and defence. In the context of biomedical diagnostic applications, for example, such devices are intended to provide quantitative chemical or biochemical information on samples such as blood, sweat and saliva while using minimal sample volume. 

Paris GW, Wright WH, Pati S et al (1996) Upconverting reporters for biomedical diagnostics Applications in antibody and DNA detection. In Sevick-Muraca E, Benaron D (eds) Trends in optics and photonics series. Optical Society of America, Washington DC... 

Before the investigation of any targeted biomedical diagnostic application, several aspects related to colloidal particles should be addressed starting basically from particle size, size distribution, surface polarity, and also intrinsic properties. Consequently, the synthesis process should be well adapted in order to prepare structured latex particles bearing a reactive shell with well-defined properties. The colloidal particles are not only under evaluation or being used as a model in various biomedical applications, but actually are in use in different capacities for various biomedical applications. Some examples are as follows ... 

Electro-osmosis generated flows are interesting for micro-electronics, biomedical diagnostic techniques, and a number of other applications. Important results related to heat transfer in such flows were obtained recently by Maynes and Webb... 

Although the spectrum of NPs for labelling applications is relatively broad, this chapter discusses only the application of gold NPs (AuNPs) in electrochemical genosensors and immunosensors and some of the trends in their use for environmental and biomedical diagnostics between other application fields. 

The objective of this section is to focus on some fine applications of latex particles in nucleic acids based biomedical diagnostic. In this domain, two major applications are presented (i) specific capture and detection of targeted DNA or RNA and (ii) non-specific concentration of nucleic acids using latex particles. 

These enzymes are extraordinarily abundant over 1200 restriction endonucleases had been isolated and characterized by early 1990. Of three classes defined, type II restriction enzymes, which generally cut within their recognition sequences, have found uses in a host of biomedical research and diagnostic applications to be discussed below. Type 1 enzymes cut nonspecifically many nucleotides distal to specific recognition sequences and contain both restriction enzyme and DNA modification (see below) activities on different subunits of multienzyme complexes. Type III restriction enzymes share the multienzyme aspeas of type I enzymes but vary in other properties such as ATPase activity and cofactor requirements. 

The modem microstmcture applications led to increased interest in convection heat transfer in micro conduits. Huid transport in micro channels has found applications in a number of technologies such as biomedical diagnostic techniques, thermal control of electronic devices, chemical separation processes, etc. 

In biomedical diagnostics, the amplification of captured or adsorbed nucleic acids using the classical PCR method is one of the targets various biological applications. The enzymatic ampliheation of desired nucleic acids is often performed after the desorption or release step. Thanks to hydrophilic. 

Some therapeutic or diagnostic applications of metal complexes, thus excluding the mechanical use of metals in biomedical applications, are listed in Table 1. 

Demchenko, A.P. (2009) Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing. Springer, Berlin. Marcu, L., French, P.M.W., Elson, D.S. (eds) (2014) Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy and Imaging Principles and Applications in Biomedical Diagnostics. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 

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