Senescence accelerated mice

Several studies have looked at the effects of combined preparations that include ginseng. A preparation of Biota orientalis, Panax ginseng, and Schisandra chinensis (S-113 m) improved memory retention in a passive-avoidance task with senescence-accelerated mice (Nishiyama et al. 1996). This combination also reduced memory impairments induced by ethanol and scopolamine in the step-down test and electroconvulsive shock-induced memory impairment (Nishiyama et al. 1995). 

Meguro K, Yamaguchi S, Arai H, Nakagawa T, Doi C, Yamada M, Ikarashi Y, Maruyama Y, Sasaki H. (1994). Nicotine improves cognitive disturbance in senescence-accelerated mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 49(3) 769-72. 

Whether it is possible to raise carnosine levels in human brain is unknown. One study in rats has shown that oral administration of chicken extract (a major source of carnosine in humans too) did provoke an increase in brain carnosine levels a single dose of the chicken extract led to an increase in carnosine levels within 30 min in plasma, but 1 or 2 h duration were required for increased levels of carnosine to be observed in the cerebral cortex, hypthalamus, and hippocampus (Tomonaga et ah, 2007). It is uncertain whether these effects result from direct uptake of the carnosine from plasma or a consequence of de novo synthesis. In a study using senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8), it was found that oral supplementation with creatine provoked, at 25 weeks of age, a transient 88% increase in muscle carnosine content, accompanied by a 40% increase in anserine content, which coincided with an improvement in resistance to contractile fatigue (Derave et ah, 2008). At 60 weeks, no differences were detectable between the creatine-supplemented and control animals in terms of their muscle... 

Derave, W., Jones, G., Hespel, P., and Harris, R. C. (2008). Creatine supplementation augments skeletal muscle carnosine content in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8). Rejuvenation Res. 11, 641-647. 

M. Yuneva et al.. Senescence Accelerated Mice (SAM) as a model of senescence induced by reactive oxygen species. Adv. Gerontology (Russian), 4 (2000) 147-152. 

M Yuneva et al.. Effect of carnosine on age-induced changes in senescence-accelerated mice. J. Anti-Aging Med., 2 (1999) 337-342. 

Fiorini A, Sultana R, Forster S, Perluigi M, Cenini G, Cini C et al (2013) Antisense directed against PS-1 gene decreases brain oxidative markers in aged senescence accelerated mice (SAMP8) and reverses learning and memory impairment A proteomics study. Free Radic Biol Med 65 1-14... 

Sakurai T, Kitadate K, Nishioka H, Fujii H, Ogasawara J, Kizald T et al (2013) Oligomerised lychee fruit-derived polyphenol attenuates cognitive impairment in senescence-accelerated mice and endoplasmic reticulum stress in neuronal cells. Br J Nutr 28 1-10... 

Garlic extract used in many indigenous traditions to treat age-related memory loss, c ertain preparations documented to have anti-oxidative activity, controlled animal study showed immunomodulatory effect that may positively impact age-related changes in anti-body production and prolonged longevity. controlled animal study showed enhanced spatial learning and reduced age-related memory deficits in senescence-accelerated mice. 

SOD, superoxide dismutase NOS, nitric oxide synthase SAM, senescence accelerated mice. Source Adapted from Ref. 182. 

Komatsu M, Ueda Y, Hiramatsu M. Different changes in concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites and amino acids in various brain regions by the herbal medicine/Toki-Shakuyaku-San between female and male senescence-accelerated mice (SAMPS). Neurochem Res 1999 24 825-831. 

Kishikawa M, Sakae M. Herbal medicine and the study of aging in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMPITA/Ngs). Exp Gerontol 1997 32 229-242. 

Suganuma H, Hirano T, Inakuma T. Amelioratory effect of dietary ingestion with red bell pepper on learning impairment in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1999 45 143-149. 

Kumari MV, Yoneda T, Hiramatsu M. Effect of beta CATECHIN on the life span of senescence accelerated mice (SAM-P8 strain). Biochem Mol Biol Int 1997 41(5) 1005-1011. 

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