Semi field tests

Table 7 shows that the dl,d-T80-allethrin 0.5% mosquito coil was effective on the susceptible SS strain of A. aegypti in the 25-m3 semi-field test, but showed low efficacy against the BS strain and colonies collected in districts A and B, their KT5o values being uncalculated. 

Table 7 KT50 values of dl,d-T80-allethrin 0.5% mosquito coil against various strains of Aedes aegypti in 25-m3 room semi-field tests (2 h burning, 2 h exposure)...

Katsuda et al. [53] collected A. aegypti larvae from 11 districts (Fig. 10) in Thailand where dengue fever was prevalent. After rearing in the laboratory, the colonies were tested for KT50 values using dl,d-r80-allethrin 0.5% mosquito coils in a 25-m3 semi-field test in addition to KD50 and LD50 values to dl,d-r80-allethrin by the topical application method. 

As shown in Table 8, mosquito colonies with KT50 values below 60 min in the 25-m3 semi-field test were classified as susceptible (Group I), those with KT50 of 60-120 min as less susceptible (Group II), and those with KT50 of over 120 min as low susceptible (Group III). 

Mainly against the Group III mosquitoes, Katsuda et al. investigated the efficacy of mosquito coils containing various pyrethroids. In the 25-m3 semi-field test shown in Table 9, mosquito coils with d.d-Y-prallethrin at concentrations of 0.1-0.15% plus a synergist, /V-(2-ethylhexyl)bicyclo 2.2.1 -hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxyimide (39, Fig. 11), were effective even for the allethrin-resistant A. aegypti. 

In the 25-m3 semi-field test (Table 9), KT50 values of mosquito coils containing natural pyrethrins at about 0.7% were determined for A. aegypti colonies of G and K... 

The first category will be referred below to as laboratory tests, the second as semi-field tests, and the third as field tests. ... 

Gretenkord, C. and Drescher, W. (1993). Effects of 4 pesticides (Decis, Meta-systox, Pirimor, Rnbitox) on the bumblebee Bombus terrestris L. Determination of the oral LD50 and prehminary results with semi-field tests. Apidologie 24,519-521. 

Candolfi M, Bigler F, Campbell P et al (2000) Principles of regulatory testing and interpretation of semi-field and field studies with non-target arthropods. J Pest Sci 73 141-147... 

Mating disruption experiments with spruce budworm in laboratory, small-scale field tests and "semi-operational" field trials have recently been reviewed (27). Work to date, on the disruption of spruce budworm mating behavior has concentrated on the use of the primary components /Zll-14 Ald s (95-97% E), and the results indicate that some mating disruption does occur. There appears to be a positive correlation between the applied pheromone concentration and the percent disruption, and based on field cage studies, percent disruption is inversely related to insect density (27) as would be predicted (32). 

This chapter reports the studies dealing with honey bee-plant interactions under semi-field or field conditions. These studies have tentatively established relationships between the observed behaviors and the transformed plant characteristics in terms of gene product expression or secondary changes in attraction cues. Direct observations of honey bees foraging on GM plants are still scarce, and have been reported mainly for oilseed rape expressing insecticide, herbicide, or disease resistance. Bt maize pollen was also tested on bees, but whole plants were not. In recent work (not yet published in peer-reviewed journals but reported in... 

For this study, a bi-phasic bioreactor design was utilized, operating in a semi-continuous flow process, having a hydraulic retention time of four days. Groundwater, with contaminant concentrations as high as 7000 ppm creosote, was treated on-site. This demonstration achieved a removal efficiency of greater than 99% for total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This includes a removal rate of 98% for the most recalcitrant, and most hazardous fraction of the PAHs, and 88% for PCP. The field test proved that biotechnology application for hazardous waste remediation can be effective at an actual waste site. 

A brief exposure taste preference device (18, 111) was used In these evaluations to ensure that postingesHbnal factors related to caloric content or digestabllity would not confound preference test results. The whole grain rice volatiles material was the only one found to reliably Increase both consumption and feeding time. In a later semi-field pen test, rice volatiles treated bait was preferred (P <. 05) over whole-grain, granulated, and soy bean oil (1%) treated rice. 

Classical heat transfer provides expressions for quantities such as view factors, radiation and temperature fields in semi—infinite bodies. The lining materials studied here were treated as semi-infinite bodies since the test duration is relatively short. 

Sabalinas, D. and Sodergren, A. 1997, Use of semi-permeable membrane devices to monitor pollutants in water and assess their effects A laboratory test and field verification. Envimn. Pollut. 96 195-206. 

Analysis of On-Site Wastewaters for Pesticides by Thin-Layer Chromatography. A field method to identify qualitatively and semi-quantitatively the pesticide constituents of a pesticide-laden wastewater was developed. The field method was developed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). TLC gives a presumptive test for the presence of specific pesticides and within 30 minutes an estimate of their concentrations. TLC may also reveal the presence of unknown substances. The field application of thin-layer chromatography requires a skilled chemist, but no expensive equipment. The following protocol describes the on-site use of TLC. 

The results of semi-quantitative charge spreading tests suggests that the lateral conductance of polyimide-field oxide interfaces can be sufficiently low to permit reliable device operation. This topic must be addressed in the context of the overall processing of the interface, including any adhesion promoters used. 

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