Documentation case study

The chemistry of the toxin residues in shellhsh samples collected during the bloom were intensively studied, and provide a well documented case study (Figure 21.4) of BTX metabolism in different shellhsh species (Ishida et al., 2006). 

Durability. Electrochemical realkalisation has been appUed for over ten years, mainly to structures made with Portland cement concrete. Although well-documented case studies are rare, those available show that the corrosion protection obtained is durable [93]. Laboratory tests followed over several years support the dur-abiUty of the effect on reinforcement corrosion, as long as sufficient electrical charge has been applied [89,90]. As noted above, the amount of charge needed may depend on the cement type. 

Additionally, the EPA pubhshes a newsletter entitled Pollution Prevention News that contains information including EPA news, technologies, program updates, and case studies. The EPA s Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratoiy and the Center for Environmental Research Information has pubhshed several guidance documents, developed in cooperation with the California Department of Health Services. The manuals supplement generic waste reduction information presented in the EPA s Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual (Ref. 9). 

The case study that follows is reproduced with permission from the Chemical Manufacturers Association publication Improving Human Performance in the Chemical Industry A Manager s Guide, Lorenzo (1990). Another CPI case study that uses THERP is documented in Banks and Wells (1992). 

The case study has documented the investigation and root cause analysis process applied to the hydrocarbon explosion that initiated the Piper Alpha incident. The case study serves to illustrate the use of the STEP technique, which provides a clear graphical representation of the agents and events involved in the incident process. The case study also demonstrates the identification of the critical events in the sequence which significantly influenced the outcome of the incident. Finally the root causes of these critical events were determined. This allows the analyst to evaluate why they occurred and indicated areas to be addressed in developing effechve error reduchon strategies. 

To gather information about the factors which contributed to the above incident, interviews were held with the workers and their management. Relevant documentation such as standard operating procedures and documentation relating to the incident was also collected. A task analysis (see Case Study 3) of the job of the top floor person was carried out in order to examine the operations involved and the factors which could affect job performance. Two techniques were used for the analysis of this incident, namely variation tree analysis and root cause analysis. 

The metal itself, having an appreciable vapour pressure, is also toxic, and produces headaches, tremors, inflammation of the bladder and loss of memory. The best documented case is that of Alfred Stock (p. 151) whose constant use of mercury in the vacuum lines employed in his studies of boron and silicon hydrides, caused him to suffer for many years. The cause was eventually recognized and it is largely due to Stock s publication in 1926 of details of his experiences that the need for care and adequate ventilation is now fully appreciated. 

Virtually all of the benefits of formal mentoring that are reported and documented are drawn from anecdotes, case studies or field experience. Notwithstanding the power of these, there ought to be empirical studies to corroborate the existing information. 

These findings support the general usefulness of efforts to increase yield and solvent recycling rates, as documented in Case study 4 (see also Geisler et al. [9]). However, producing an LCA requires a substantially higher effort for data acquisition as compared to mass balancing. 

This section discusses how held studies can be used in geochemical fate assessment and includes six cases of deep-well-injection facilities, documenting the geochemistry of the injected hazardous and other industrial wastes. Each case study is organized in the same format, with section headings as follows ... 

The most documented case is the Be-H complex in GaAs, which is characterized by a LVM at 2037 cm-1 (Nandhra et al., 1988). Stavola et al. (1989) have studied the effect of uniaxial stress on this LVM. The use of uniaxial stress allows the orientational degeneracies to lift and therefore gives the symmetry of the center evidenced by its LVM. 

The case study of Flix is another well-documented concern about fish that are chronically impacted by Hg throughout a chlor-alkali plant. Here, we review all the data available about the reported levels of Hg. A description of the biological effects is not the aim of this chapter and will not be covered, but we will mention whether or not these effects exist. 

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