See 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

C-07100,see2,4,5-T C-07101, see 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol C-07328, see Isoamyl alcohol C-07557, see TCDD C-08374, see Dodecane C-08380, see 2-Heptanone C-11043, see Methoxychlor C-11088, see 2,6-Dinitrotoluene C-11142, see Phenanthrene C-11160, see Thiram C-11233, see Dimethylphthalate C-14098, see 2-Methylnaphthalene C-10998, see 4-Aminobiphenyl C-11249, see Cyclohexane C-2292-52A, see Carbofuran CAF, see a-Chloroacetophenone Calmathion, see Malathion 2-Camphanone, see Camphor Camphechlor, see Toxaphene Camphochlor, see Toxaphene Camphoclor, see Toxaphene DL-Camphor, see Camphor Camphor-natural, see Camphor Camphor-synthetic, see Camphor Camphor tar, see Naphthalene Candaseptic, see p-Chloro-m-cresol Canogard, see Dichlorvos CAP, see a-Chloroacetophenone Caprolin, see Carbaryl... 

Dowfume W-8, see Ethylene dibromide Dowfume W-85, see Ethylene dibromide Dowfume W-90, see Ethylene dibromide Dowfume W-100, see Ethylene dibromide Dowicide 2, see 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Dowicide 2S, see 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Dowicide 7, see Pentachlorophenol Dowicide B, see 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Dowicide EC-7, see Pentachlorophenol Dowicide G, see Pentachlorophenol Dowklor, see Chlordane Dow MX 5514, see Isopropylbenzene Dow MX 5516, see Isopropylbenzene Dow pentachlorophenol DP-2 antimicrobial, see Pentachlorophenol... 

Preventol CMK, see p-Chloro-/n-cresol Preventol I, see 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Priltox, see Pentachlorophenol Primary amyl acetate, see Amyl acetate Primary isoamyl alcohol, see Isoamyl alcohol Primary isobutyl alcohol, see Isoamyl alcohol Prioderm, see Malathion Prist, see Methyl cellosolve Profume A, see Chloropicrin Profume R 40B1, see Methyl bromide Prokarbol, see 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol... 

Parathion, Phorate Sulfur oxides, see Malathion Tartaric acid monoamide p-TCCH, see Lindane y-TCCH, see Lindane TCDD, see 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Terbufos sulfone, see Terbufos Terbufos sulfoxide, see Terbufos Terephthalic acid, see p-Xylene o-Terphenyl, see Phthalic anhydride 2,2, 4,4 -Tetraamino-6,6 -azotoluene, see 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene... 

NULLAPON B ACID and NULLAPON BE ACID (60-00-4) see edetic acid. NURELLE (95-95-4) see 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. 

All accidents concerned with PCDD/F are related to the production of chlorophenols. The most famous accident happened in Seveso close to Milan, Italy, on July 10, 1976. ICMESA Corp. manufactured 2,4,5-trichlorophenol for production of phenoxy-herbizides by alkaline hydrolysis of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (see Figure 8.1). This... 

Chloronitrosobenzene, see 4-Chloroaniline, p-Chloronitrobenzene Chlorophenanthrene, see Phenanthrene 9 Chlorophenanthrene, see Phenanthrene Chlorophenol, see Chlorobenzene. 2.3.4.5-Tetrachloronhenol. 2.4.5-Trichlorophenol... 

Zack and Gaffey (1983) reported the mortality status of 884 white men employed for at least one year between 1955 and 1977 by a chemical plant in Nitro, WV, USA, involved in the production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and 2,4,5-T. 4-Aminobiphenyl, a human bladder carcinogen (see lARC, 1982), was produced from 1941 to 1952 in this plant. There were nine cases of bladder cancer, with 0.91 expected deaths from cancer other than of the bladder were not in excess. One case of liposarcoma was reported among workers assigned to 2,4,5-T operations. Zack and Suskind (1980) reported cancer outcomes of a cohort of 121 males involved in a 1949 accident at the same plant. Followup revealed nine cancer deaths between 1949 and 1978, with 9.0 expected. Three of these were lymphatic or haematopoietic in origin (0.9 expected p = 0.047]), and one was a primary dermal fibrous histiocytoma (0.15 expected). 

Trichlorophenol (see also Chlorophenols Chlorophenols occupational exposures to Polychlorophenols and their sodium salts)... 

TRICHLOROPHENOL, O-ESTER with 0,0-DIMETHYL PHOSPHOROTHIOATE see RMA500... 

TRICHLOROPHENOL-O-ESTER with O-ETHYL ETHYLPHOSPHONOTHIOATE see EPYOOO 2-(2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXY)PROPIONIC ACID see TIX500... 

The Pesticide Manual describes 5 pyridine carboxylic acid derivatives, 3 benzoic acids, and 10 aryloxyalkanoic acids in current use as herbicides. 2,4,5-T seems to be banned worldwide and is not included in the current issue (Tomlin, 2000) but is described in earlier issues (e.g., Worthing, 1979). It was first registered in 1948 by Amchem Products, Inc., Pennsylvania, and the Dow Chemical Company, and was mainly used to control shrubs and trees, for example, in forests and along railways. Although the content of dioxin was eventually controlled, with a limit of <0.05 mg/kg in the preparation, it was banned soon after the termination of its use in Vietnam. Other products with 2,4,5-trichlorophenol were also banned or restricted after the Seveso accident (see Hay, 1978a, 1978b). 2,4-D is also produced from a chlo-rophenol and may contain dioxins, but of the much less toxic congeners. It... 

Non-point sources of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol are mainly agricultural, since the phenoxy herbicides are hydrolyzed back to the phenols with a lifetime of about a week near 20°C. A minor local source of chlorophenols is chlorination of raw drinking water, which is contaminated with phenol (see Chapter 10). The most important chlorinated phenol is the pentachloro congener. 

Dodecanaminium, N-[2-(dodecyloxy)-2-oxyethyl]-N,N-dimethyl, chloride. See Dilauryl acetyl dimonium chloride 1 -Dodecanaminium, 2-octyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride. See Octyidodecyltrimonium chloride 1-Dodecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, bromide. See Laurtrimonium bromide Dodecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl, salt with 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. See Laurtrimonium trichlorophenoxide Dodecane. See n-Dodecane n-Dodecane... 

Thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole TCNB. SeeTecnazene T-Cote 031. See Titanium dioxide TCP. See4,5,6,7-Tetrachlorophthalide 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol Tricresyl phosphate Calcium phosphate tri basic... 

Trichlorophenol, sodium salt (2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy) sodium. See Sodium-2,4,5-trichlorophenate... 

Hexachlorocyclohexane is produced industrially by the reaction of an excess of benzene with chlorine at 15 to 25 °C in a glass reactor under the influence of UV light at atmospheric pressure. Care must be taken to exclude oxygen and catalysts, such as iron, which favor substitution. When 5 to 8% of the benzene has been chlorinated, the fi-isomer begins to precipitate. After benzene and unreacted chlorine have been evaporated at temperatures of from 85 to 88 °C, a hexachlorocyclohexane mixture with a y-isomer content of 12 to 14% remains. The y-isomer is recovered by fractional crystallization. The other isomers are converted into tri-and tetrachlorobenzenes by thermal or catalytic dechlorination tri- and tetra-chlorobenzenes are used as the precursors for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (see Chapter 5.3.4.5). 

Online SPE using OSP-2 followed by LC/APCl-MS of 50 mL of river water sample (A) spiked at the S-pg/L level under full-scan mode (B) spiked at 0.06 p-g/L under SIM conditions, using negative-ion mode of operation of (1) catechol, (2) 4-nitrophenol, (3) 2,4-dinitrophenol, (4) 2-nitrophenol, (5) 4-chlorophenol, (6) 2-chlorophenol, (7) 2,6-dinitro-4-methylphenol, (8) 4,6-dinitro-2-methylphenol, (9) 2,4-dichlorophenol, (10) 2,3,4-trichlorophenol, (11) 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, (12) 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, (13) 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, (14) pentachlorophenol. For other details see Ref. [78]. (Reprinted from Puig, D., Silgoner, 1., Grasserbauer, M., and Barcelo, D., Anal. Chem., 69, 2756, 1997. With permission.)... 

The technique has been used in combination with HPLC using ECD for the determination of phenolic compounds with a large variety in polarity, viz. phenol, 4-CP, 2,5-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, and PCP, in natural water samples [203]. The membrane provides very efficient cleanup, and detection limits below 0.1 xg/L for the phenols were obtained (for chromatogram, see Figure 16.7). The technique has also been used for the extraction of five nitrophenols (2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,3-dinitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol) [204]. 

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