Primary isoamyl alcohol

Synonyms AI3-15288 C-07328 EINECS 204-663-5 FEMA No. 2057 Fermentation amyl alcohol Fusel oil IP3 l-Hydroxy-3-methylbutane Isoamylol Isobutyl carbinol Isopentanol Isopentyl alcohol Methyl-3-butan-l-ol 2-Methyl-4-butanol 2-Methylbutan-4-ol 3-Methylbutanol 3-Methylbutan-l-ol 3-Methyl-l-butanol NSC 1029 Primary isoamyl alcohol Primary isobutyl alcohol UN 1105. 

Preventol CMK, see p-Chloro-/n-cresol Preventol I, see 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Priltox, see Pentachlorophenol Primary amyl acetate, see Amyl acetate Primary isoamyl alcohol, see Isoamyl alcohol Primary isobutyl alcohol, see Isoamyl alcohol Prioderm, see Malathion Prist, see Methyl cellosolve Profume A, see Chloropicrin Profume R 40B1, see Methyl bromide Prokarbol, see 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol... 

Primary ammonium phosphate. See Ammonium phosphate Primary amyl acetate. See Amyl acetate Primary amyl alcohol. See n-Amyl alcohol Primary decyl alcohol. See Decyl alcohol Primary isoamyl alcohol. See Isoamyl alcohol Primary magnesium phosphate. See Magnesium phosphate monobasic Primary octyl alcohol. See Caprylic alcohol Primary sodium phosphate. See Sodium phosphate... 

Primary alcohols are readily oxidized to acids by Ni(III) hydroxide as the electron carrier. An example is the electrooxidation of isoamyl alcohol (92) in H2O-NaOH/Ni(OH)3-(Pt) to give isovaleric acid (93) in a good yield (Scheme 34) [127]. 

Free and esterified, saturated primary alcohols occur widely in nature, e.g., in fruit. Since their odor is relatively weak, their use as components in fragrance compositions is limited. Their use in aroma compositions, especially for fruit flavors, is by far more important (e.g., straight-chain C4-C10 alcohols, isoamyl alcohol). Unsaturated alcohols are most important (e.g., leaf alcohol with its intensely green odor) and may impart characteristic notes to compositions. 

Short-chain primary -C-C-C- 1 C isobutyl or isoamyl alcohol C4-C5p... 

A mixture of mainly 3-methylbutan-l-ol (primary isoamyl alcohol) [(CH3)2CH CH2 CH20H] with some 2-methylbutan-1 -ol (primary amyl alcohol) [CH3 CH2 CUiCH ) CH2OH]. C5Hi20 = 88.15... 

SYNONYMS (Primary) fermentation amyl alcohol, isobutylcarbinol, isopentyl alcohol, 3-methyl-l-butanol, primary isoamyl alcohol (Secondary) 3-methyl-2-butanol, secondary isoamyl alcohol. 

The latter is so called because it rotates the plane of polarized light. They are both primary alcohols—a fact which is shown by a study of the products formed from them on oxidation. The two alcohols yield aldeydes and acids which contain five carbon atoms. Isoamyl alcohol has a characteristic unpleasant odor, is poisonous, boils at 131°, and is soluble in 50 parts of water. It causes, in part, the disagreeable effects of intoxication by brandy, etc. It is used in large quantities for making isoamyl acetate which is the basis for certain lacquers and varnishes. 

Synonyms Isoamylol Isobutyl carbinol Isopentanol Isopentyl alcohol 2-Methyl-4-butanol 3-Methylbutanol 3-Methyl-1-butanol 3-Methylbutan-1 -ol Primary isoamyl alcohol Classification Primary aliphatic alcohol Empirical CsHijO Formula (CHjI CHCH CH OH... 

Methyl-1-Botonol, Primary Isoamyl Alcohol, Isobutyl Carbinol... 

Yields of the primary alkyl acrylates vary somewhat, owing to occasional losses through formation of polymer, but are usually in the range of 85-99%. Some secondary alcohols react very slowly, others readily. The method has been applied to more than fifty alcohols, some of which (with percentage yields) are listed below ethyl, 99% isopropyl, 37% -amyl, 87% isoamyl, 95% -hexyl, 99% 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 95% 2-ethylhexyl, 95% capryl, 80% lauryl, 92% myristyl, 90% allyl, 70% fur-furyl, 86% citronellyl, 91% cyclohexyl, 93% benzyl, 81% (3-ethoxyethyl, 99% /S-(/3-phenoxyethoxy) ethyl (from diethylene glycol monophenyl ether), 88%. 

Trialkylboranes transfer an alkyl group to ethyl acrylate or methacrylate in a Michael sense under electrolytic conditions to give saturated esters in 51—94% yields.Simple Grignard reagents can be converted directly into esters in 70—80% yield by sequential treatment with pentacarbonyliron and an alcohol saturated with iodine the presumed intermediates are acyltetracarbonylfer-rates. An aprotic deamination of primary amines with isoamyl nitrite in the presence of a carboxylic acid also leads directly to esters. 

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