4-Amino-2-chlorophenol

C. Oxidation of 4-amino-3-chlorophenol. When the reduction is complete (Note 8), the system is disassembled, the catholyte poured into a flask, and the apparatus rinsed with hot water into... 

Very rapid and efficient stirring is required to strip the intermediate o-chlorophenylhydroxylamine from the cathode so that the acid-catalyzed rearrangement to 4-amino-3-chlorophenol may occur rather than reduction of the substituted hydroxylamine to o-chloroaniline. 

Oxaspiro[2,5]octane-2-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester, 34,54 Oxidation, by nitric acid, 30,48 of aldehyde to carboxyl group, 30,49 of 4-amino-3-chlorophenol, 35, 23 of an amine with hydrogen peroxide, 39, 40... 

Pyridinecarboxaldehyde, (PCA), aminophenols, (AP), including 2-aniinophenol, 2-amino-m-cresol, 2-amino-p-cresol, 2-amino-4-tert-butylphenol, 2-amino-chlorophenol, 2-aminophenylphenol, were purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI) and used without further purification. 

Aminoanthraqumone, 12 Aminoazobenzene, 12 Aminoazotoluene, 12 2-Amino-4-chlorophenol, 12 2 - Amino-5 -diethylaminopentane, 12 Aminoethanol, 12... 

After drying for 10 min in a stream of cold air 1,4-phenylenediamine (h/Jj 5-10), 2-amino-4-chlorophenol (h/ f 15-20), 4-nitroaniline (h/ f 25-30) and l,4-amino-3-nitro-toluene (h/ f 50-55) appeared as blue-violet chromatogram zones on a blue background. These could be recognized without difficulty for several days from the back of the chromatogram. 

The detection limits per chromatogram zone lay between 5 ng (1,4-phenylenediamine, 4-nitroaniline) and 25 ng (2-amino-4-chlorophenol, 4-amino-3-nitrotoluene). 

Fig. 1 Reflectance scan of a chromatogram track with 125 ng each substance per chromatogram zone 1 = 1,4-phenylenediamine, 2 = 2-amino-4-chlorophenol, 3 = 4-nitroaniline, 4 = 4-amino-3-nitrotoluene.

Amino-4-chlorophenol [95-85-2] 789A I(1)1228A, N(1)1038A SJ5700000... 

Polymers and resins Water purification, including removal of phenol, chlorophenols, ketones, alcohols, aromatics, aniline, indene, polynuclear aromatics, nitro- and chlor-aromatics, PCB, pesticides, antibiotics, detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, kraftmill effluents, dyestuffs recovery and purification of steroids, amino acids and polypeptides separation of fatty adds from water and toluene separation of aromatics from ahphatics separation of hydroquinone from monomers recovery of proteins and enzymes removal of colours from symps ... 

Acetamido-4-amino-6-chloro-s-triazine, see Atrazine Acetanilide, see Aniline, Chlorobenzene, Vinclozolin Acetic acid, see Acenaphthene, Acetaldehyde, Acetic anhydride. Acetone, Acetonitrile, Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Aldicarb. Amyl acetate, sec-Amyl acetate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Butyl acetate, sec-Butyl acetate, ferf-Butyl acetate, 2-Chlorophenol, Diazinon. 2,4-Dimethylphenol, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, 1,4-Dioxane, 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine, Esfenvalerate. Ethyl acetate, Flucvthrinate. Formic acid, sec-Hexyl acetate. Isopropyl acetate, Isoamyl acetate. Isobutyl acetate, Methanol. Methyl acetate. 2-Methvl-2-butene. Methyl ferf-butvl ether. Methyl cellosolve acetate. 2-Methvlphenol. Methomvl. 4-Nitrophenol, Pentachlorophenol, Phenol. Propyl acetate. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Vinyl acetate. Vinyl chloride Acetoacetic acid, see Mevinphos Acetone, see Acrolein. Acrylonitrile. Atrazine. Butane. 

Amino-4-chloro-6-hydroxy-s-triazine, see Atrazine 2-Amino-4-chlorophenol, see Chlorpropham. 

Hydrolysis products that may form in soil and in microbial cultures include A-phenyl-3-chloro-carbamic acid, 3-chloroaniline, 2-amino-4-chlorophenol, monoisopropyl carbonate, 2-propanol, carbon dioxide, and condensation products (Rajagopal et al., 1984). The reported half-lives in soil at 15 and 29 °C were 65 and 30 d, respectively (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). 

Soil. Ambrosi et al. (1977a) studied the persistence and metabolism of phosalone in both moist and flooded Matapeake loam and Monmouth fine sandy loam. Phosalone rapidly degraded (half-life 3-7 d) but mineralization to carbon dioxide accounted for only 10% of the loss. The primary degradative pathway proceeded by oxidation of phosalone to phosalone oxon. Subsequent cleavage of the 0,0-diethyl methyl phosphorodithioate linkage gave 6-chloro-2-benzoxazolinone. Although 2-amino-5-chlorophenol was not detected in this study, they postulated that the condensation of this compound yielded phenoxazinone. 

Functional groups. Halogen substitution to an aromatic compound renders it less degradable. The number of substitutions and the location are important. Chlorophenols are an excellent example of increasing resistance with increasing substimtion. Amino and hydroxyl substitutions often increase degradability. 

Phenols having a variety of substituents including alkyl, alkoxyl, aryl, amino, and carbalkoxyl have been successfully converted to the desired product in good yield. The only limitation yet found is in the hydrogenolysis of the halogen-carbon bond. Thus y -chlorophenol was converted to benzene using this procedure. 

It is to be noted that similar compounds and degradation products tend to interfere with the signal of the analyzed compounds. The severest interferences were observed for catechol and resorcinol, whereas cresols and chlorophenols had only little effect. Common substrates, such as glucose and amino acids, produced only low signals. A Rhodococcus PI, which has been isolated from sediment of the river Saale, in particular had a very high sensitivity to phenol and... 

Enzymes are biocatalysts constructed of a folded chain of amino acids. They may be used under mild conditions for specific and selective reactions. While many enzymes have been found to be catalytically active in both aqueous and organic solutions, it was not until quite recently that enzymes were used to catalyze reactions in carbon dioxide when Randolph et al. (1985) performed the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of disodium p-nitrophenol using alkaline phosphatase and Hammond et al. (1985) used polyphenol oxidase to catalyze the oxidation of p-cresol and p-chlorophenol. Since that time, more than 80 papers have been published concerning reactions in this medium. Enzymes can be 10-15 times more active in carbon dioxide than in organic solvents (Mori and Okahata, 1998). Reactions include hydrolysis, esterification, transesterification, and oxidation. Reactor configurations for these reactions were batch, semibatch, and continuous. 

---