Scientific thinking

Gloy, K. (1995). Die Geschichte des wissenschaftlichen Denkens [The History of Scientific Thinking], Miinchen Beck... 

What if This question epitomizes both serious scientific thinking and children s dreams. The three requirements are (a) unfettered fantasy, (b) mental discipline, and (c) a thinking machine. The trick to get around the apparent... 

Pollard, A.M. (2004). Putting infinity up on trial a consideration of the role of scientific thinking in future archaeologies. In A Companion to Archaeology, ed. Bintliff, J., Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 380-396. 

Fleck s characterization of the thought-style of "modem scientific thinking, especially in the natural sciences," suggests that he considered scientific practice to differ in some important respects from other social or ideological practices ... 

The specific intellectual mood of modern scientific thinking. .. is expressed as a common reverence for an idealthe ideal of objective truth, clarity, and accuracy.29... 

Some of the historical reluctance to assimilate the entropy concept into general scientific thinking, and much of the introductory student s bewilderment, might have been avoided if Clausius had defined entropy (as would have been perfectly legitimate to do) as... 

Here we come to the heart of the problem we shall explore in this book just how certain is our science on matters such as this And how should public health officials deal with the uncertainties We shall be exploring the two responses to the FDA s position that were set out earlier and learn what we can about their relative scientific merits not specifically in connection with the aflatoxin problem, but in a more general sense. We shall also be illustrating how regulators react to these various scientific responses, and others as well, using some examples where the economic stakes are very high. One would like to believe that the size of the economic stakes would not influence scientific thinking, but it surely influences scientists and policy-makers when they deal with scientific uncertainties. 

The NCRP seeks to formulate and widely disseminate information, guidance and recommendations on radiation protection and measurements which represent the consensus of leading scientific thinking. ... 

In the author s opinion, the most accessible account of the way in which scientific thinking in ail disciplines was developing in the eighteenth century and nineteenth century can be found in the following book Bryson B. (2004). A short history of nearly everything. Biack Swan, London. Bryson makes scientists seem very human and describes how science progresses despite the many obstacles often placed in its path by its practitioners. 

Two questions are fundamental in defining the aims of the scientific thinking about nature is it true and/or is it useful ... 

If RW I is exceeded (in the range between RW I and RW II) an immediate endangerment of the health is not to be expected. However people may report feelings of malaise, particularly in the case of perception of odors, and health impairments may occur. According to current scientific thinking (Winneke, 1994) these impairments do not result in adverse effects on the health, but under certain circumstances such as a repeated or long-lasting influence may represent an unacceptable nuisance. 

At the time, Bose could not get his research paper about his experimental observations of microscopic particles published because it contained a math error. At first, Bose thought this error was an honest mistake. But because the calculation agreed with his observations, he began to think it was not a mistake at all. Rather, it was an indication that scientific thinking of the time about microscopic particles was wrong. 

The weird properties that came to be associated with quantum systems, because of the probability doctrine, obscured the simple mathematical relationship that exists between classical and quantum mechanics. The lenghthy discussion of this aspect may be of less interest to chemical readers, but it may dispel the myth that a revolution in scientific thinking occured in 1925. Actually there is no break between classical and non-classical systems apart from the relative importance of Planck s action constant in macroscopic and microscopic systems respectively. Along with this argument goes the realization that even in classical mechanics, as in optics, there is a wave-like aspect associated with all forms of motion, which becomes more apparent, at the expense of particle behaviour, in the microscopic domain. 

The discovery of the effect of fluoro chloro hydrocarbons upon the ozone layer of the atmosphere has had a profound impact not only upon the aerosol industry and the producers of propellants but also upon public and scientific thinking about the whole issue of atmospheric pollution. One of the consequences of this reorientation has been the introduction, in some American states, or regulations designed to control the use of all volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) these are organic chemicals that enter the atmosphere through evaporation. By their very nature all perfume materials fall into this class. 

In addition to the listed reasons for preparing written reports there is a benefit in report writing that cannot be overestimated the preparation of the report clears the researcher s mind, clears up inconsistencies, and focuses thoughts on the essential issues. Thus, preparing reports is an integral part of the scientific thinking process. 

In this brief chapter we hope we have been able to establish in the reader s mind that the coloring of plastics materials is not a simple process. However, we would like the reader to know that it is also not an impossible problem. If one takes a sound scientific approach to variables analysis as it relates to color, for the most part the difficulties can be eliminated. As you have seen, there are many variables that must be contended with and these variables do not always act independent of each other. This means we need to define, understand, and control as many variables as possible. We suggest you start with the simplistic first theorem, which states The most likely reason that your new computer is not working is you don t have it plugged in (actual data from computer support companies). Start with the simple and work to the complex it save lots of time and is good, sound scientific thinking. Below are some simple questions to help you remember the basic variables that most often cause color problems. It is by no means all inclusive, for there are times when the solutions are complicated, but this is usually the exception and not the rule. 

The 1975 edition was small and its readership widely scattered. I hope the evolution of scientific thinking and the new resurgence of interest in shamanism and the use of psychotropic plants will contribute to an intellectual climate in which the ideas of The Invisible Landscape will be fairly examined and considered by a wider audience. My faith that the ideas explored here will be found to have an extraordinary explanatory and persuasive power remains unshaken. As for Truth, I will argue today—as I did in 1971 at La Chorrera—that these ideas are, in Wittgenstein s wonderful phrase. True enough. 

There is a gap between philosophical thinking and scientific thinking. I hope that my work has contributed to narrowing this gap. We no longer believe that time creates a separation between man and nature. On the contrary, time is related to novelty, to creativity, and you find this everywhere in nature and to a special extent in man. 

Features common to complementary medicine cults are absence of scientific thinking, naive acceptance of hypotheses, rmcritical acceptance of causation, e.g. reliance on anecdote, assumption that if recovery follows treatment it is due to the treatment, and close attention to the patient s personal feelings. Lack of understanding of how therapeutic effects may be measured is also a prominent feature. It is useful to list some common false beliefs of its practitioners ... 

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