Truth objectivity

The Polish Journalist Association (SPD, Stowarzyszenia Dziennikarzy Polskich4) is an organization of professionals that has implemented guidehnes and ethical standards similar to Western democracies after the shift from communism. In 1995 a so-called Media Ethics Charter, emphasising the importance of the principles of truth, objectivity, honesty, etc., was also adopted by a number of Polish journalist and media organizations.5... 

Staff must be devoted to accuracy, truthfulness, objectiveness and fairness. 

Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. 

The rejection of outliers is a deeply rooted habit techniques range from the haughty I know the truth attitude, to looks different from what we are used to, somebody must have made a mistake , to attempts at objective proof of having observed an aberration. The first attitude is not only imscientific, but downright fraudulent if unacceptable values are discarded and forgot-... 

In a scientific application, the sets to which an object might belong may describe physical or chemical observables that are in some sense continuously variable, such as "volatile," "acidic," or "green," but not all sets are so tangible, nor does the description of a set itself need to be inherently vague. We could create the sets "True" and "False" and, thus, define degrees of truth. 

Normally we zoom actions and objects at the same time. Notice that at the coarser scale, you are not compromising the truth but only telling less of it. Everything you say in the big picture is still tme when you look at the finer scale. 

It is the duty of those who watch over the spiritual and moral interests of society to familiarize, as much as possible, all the proofs of the truths and authority of Christianity, to the general classes especially when much insensibility with respect to them seems to prevail, and when so much industry is exerted to mislead and corrupt the public mind. It is more peculiarly the duty of the Ministry to bring forward things new and old with this view and it is the object of the author in the present work to produce two instances of a confirmation of the sacred records, which seem particularly to demonstrate the truth of prophecy, as substantiated by authorities known and accessible to all. 

The specific intellectual mood of modern scientific thinking. .. is expressed as a common reverence for an idealthe ideal of objective truth, clarity, and accuracy.29... 

It would be preferable, of course, if individually and collectively, scientists were more forthcoming with explanations and justifications of their choices of values. But it is difficult to advance strong arguments against their choices if research is practiced only as the asymptotic pursuit of "pure truth" and if the choices are not misrepresented as objective and scientific. However, as it is funded and practiced currently, scientifc research deals almost exclusively with societally important study systems and therefore has practical as well as "purely scientific" objectives. Thus, it is proper to require that decision rules be adequately explained and justified in their societal context and even to look with a jaundiced eye at misrepresentations of value choices as "objective" or "scientific" for whatever reason and in any research context. 

An objective description of results allows readers to examine the data unbiased by interpretation. Results are sometimes viewed as a glimpse at the truth alternatively, interpretations are educated opinions that are likely to change over... 

Alchemy is driven by myth rather than history. Poststructuralists favor myth over history because history tends to lay claim to an objective truth, which they do not believe exists. 

In the second room, continued Johnston, the first object one notices is a glass case standing on a table. It is the balance. How much fight this fragile, simple instrument has shed on the natural sciencesl How many phenomena it has explained How many hidden truths it has revealed Who could enumerate the discussions it has ended, the hypotheses it has destroyed Who, in former times, would have believed that the determination of abstract truths and the development of the laws of nature would depend on the oscillations of this moving beam But... 

Information about the external world tends to be conveyed on educational courses, if not quite as definitive objective truth, at least as hypotheses or theories about a possible objective truth. This Is a far cry from treating the world as a set of subjective perceptions. From this subjective perspective, there is no truth . Elveryone has their own unique view of the world around them. If we change the way we see, for example, the organization we work in then we will change the way we relate to it and can manage it. 

Constructivism is linked to the philosophical-epistemological theory of (scientific) relativism or empiricism, which is in contrast to another theory, that of (scientific) realism or objectivism or positivism. Realists believe logical analysis applied to objective observations can be used to discover the truth about the world we live in. Relativists accept the existence of a real world, but question whether this world is knowable . They note that observations, and the choice of observations to be made, are influenced by the beliefs, theories, hypotheses, and background of the individual who makes them (6). Realism and empiricism must be considered as two extremes on a continuum. It is certain that in its early years (surely until, say, the beginning of the twentieth century), science was closer to relativism, but as time passed, we came closer to a realist state. Note that are there are those who argue that philosophical and educational constructivisms are intertwined (15, 16), and those who are against (IT) and critical (18) of the way these philosophical theories are linked to education theories. 

It may be objected that there is no reason why S should care about 04 chances of attaining the truth and so S could deceive for no further motive and certainly would not need an altruistic motive. When we split the self-deceiver up into S and O, we lose the right to argue that the truth-seeking motive always needs another motive to override it, because it is truth for and not for S, and we also lose the right to argue that the other motive would have to be an altruistic one. 

But what exactly is the theory What constitutes the identity of the deceiving subject,, and the identity of the object of deception, O And how are they related to one another At first sight, it seems that the distinction between them must be based squarely on the line dividing consciousness from unconsciousness. From the problem that the dichotomy of the mind has to solve is formulated in a way that seems to make that solution, such as it is, almost inevitable. When there is no latitude, how can anyone consciously persist in an irrational belief It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that he must be unconscious of its irrationality, and similarly that in many cases where there is latitude he must be unconscious of the fact that his belief is caused by a wish. This was Freud s main idea and it seems that it must be a large part of the truth. 

If this is accepted, the two criticisms add up to a formidable objection to the theory that the line dividing S from is the line dividing what is not conscious from what is conscious. It is no good protesting that the objection is captious because it hammers a theory for breaking down in a few exceptional cases. That is not the situation here. For however much truth there may be in this theory, its breakdowns are very common. It follows that, whatever the importance of consciousness, there must be another factor at work and it is possible that the line dividing S from ought to be based on that other factor. 

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