Schroeder studies

P. Dobrogowski and J. Schroeder, III, Proceedings of the Twelfth Mnnual Connector Symposium, Electronic Connector Study Group, Cherry Hill, N.J., 1979, pp. 233-238. 

Mclsaac, L. D. Baker, J. D. Krupa, J. F. LaPointe, R. E. Meikrantz, D. H. Schroeder, N. C. "Study of Bidentate Compounds for the Separation of Actinides from Commercial LWR Reprocessing Waste," Allied Chemical Idaho Chemical Programs Report ICP-1180, Idaho Falls, Idaho, February 1979. 

Initial U concentration. If uranium concentration has changed as a result of diagenetic reactions, one may, in principle detect this by comparison between uranium concentrations in modem corals and their fossil counterparts. Early work documenting and studying uranium concentrations in corals is extensive (e g., Barnes et al. 1956 Tatsumoto and Goldberg 1959 Veeh and Turekian 1968 Schroeder et al. 1970 Thompson and Livingston 1970 Gvirtzman et al 1973 Amiel et al. 1973 Swart 1980 Swart and Hubbard 1982 Cross and Cross 1983). This broad body of data shows that primary surface coral uranium concentrations lie between 1.5 and 4 ppm (see Fig. 1). Concentrations appear to be species dependent (Cross and Cross 1983). Furthermore, uranium concentrations vary within individual coral skeletons (Schroeder et al. 1970 Shen and Dunbar 1995 Min et al. 1995). 

The above study was replicated later with 75 asymptomatic black children, 3-7 years old, of uniformly low socioeconomic status (Hawk et al. 1986 Schroeder and Hawk 1987). Backward stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed a highly significant negative linear relationship between Stanford-Binet IQ scores and contemporary PbB levels over the entire range of 6-47 pg/dL (mean,... 

The question as to the existence of 17 versus 16 electron intermediates was also raised in the example of the photocatalytic hydrogenation of olefins using iron pentacarbonyl as the catalyst precursor (Equation 35). Schroeder and Wrighton studied this reaction at normal pressure, and they suggested H2Fe(C0)4 and H2Fe(CO)3> respectively, as the active catalysts /36/. 

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Fluorescent N-Ras Lipopeptides and Their Use in Membrane Localization Studies In Vivo, H. Waldmann, M. Schelhaas, E. Nagele, J. Kuhlmann, A. Wittinghofer, H. Schroeder, J. R. Silvius, Angew. Chem. 1997,109, 2334-2337, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1997,36,2238-2241. 

D. D. Langleben, L. Schroeder, J. A. Maldjian, R. C. Gur, S. McDonald, J. D. Ragland, C. P. O Brien, and A. R. Childress. Brain activity during simulated deception An event-related functional magnetic resonance study. Neurlmage, 15 727-732, 2002. 

Cardiovascular Effects. Information regarding cardiovascular effects after oral exposure to chloroform is limited to case report studies. On admission to the hospital, the blood pressure was 140/90 mm Hg and pulse was 70 beats per minute (bpm) in a patient who accidentally ingested 2,410 mg/kg chloroform (Schroeder 1965). Electrocardiography showed occasional extra systoles and a slight S-T segment depression. The patient recovered with no persistent cardiovascular change. In another individual, blood pressure was 100/40 mm Hg and pulse was 108 bpm after ingestion of an unknown... 

Neurological Effects. Neurological effects in hrnnans after acute inhalation exposure to chloroform are well documented because chloroform has been used as an anesthetic for surgery. Inhaled chloroform acts as a depressant on the central nervous system. Chronic inhalation exposure to chloroform resulted in exhaustion, lack of concentration, depression, and irritability in occupationally exposed people (Challen et al. 1958). In a case study, chloroform inhalation for 12 years resulted in psychotic episodes, hallucinations, and convulsions (Heilbmnn et al. 1945). Central nervous system toxicity was observed in humans after oral exposure to chloroform, which suggests that the effects of inhalation and oral exposure are similar. In case reports of patients who intentionally or accidentally ingested several ounces of chloroform, deep coma with abolished reflexes occurred within a few minutes (Piersol et al. 1933 Schroeder 1965 Storms 1973). 

Acute-Duration Exposure. Clinical reports indicate that the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, stomach, liver, and kidneys in humans are target organs of chloroform toxicity after inhalation and oral exposure to chloroform (Schroeder 1965 Smith et al. 1973 Whitaker and Jones 1965). These findings are supported by results obtained from acute inhalation and oral-exposure studies in animals in which target organs identical to those observed in human studies (central nervous... 

Nair RS, Barter JA, Schroeder RE, et al A two generation reproduction study with monochlorobenzene vapor in rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 9 678-686, 1987... 

Schroeder RE An Inhalation Teratology Study in Rats with Cyclohexanone. Bio/D)rnamics, Division of Biology and Safety Evaluation. Submitted to Industrial Health Foundation,... 

Murphy SJ, Schroeder RE, Blacker AM et al A study of developmental toxicity of hydroquinone in the rabbit. Eundam Appl Toxicol 19 214-221, 1992... 

Schroeder RE, Gerhart JM, Kneiss J Developmental toxicity studies of tributyl phosphate (TBP) in the rat and rabbit. Teratology 43(5) 455, 1991... 

Kanisawa M, Schroeder HA Life term studies on the effect of trace elements on spontaneous tumors in mice and rats. Cancer Res 29 892-895, 1969... 

Petersen,W. Wallmann, K. Schroer, S. Schroeder, F. (1993) Studies on the adsorption of cadmium on hydrous iron (III) oxides in oxide sediments. Anal. Chim. Acta 273 323-327... 

An increase in mortality was not observed in chronic studies in rats or dogs fed nickel sulfate in the diet at doses up to 188 mg/kg/day for rats and 62.5 mg/kg/day for dogs (Ambrose et al. 1976). In mice provided with 0.95 mg/nickel/kg as nickel acetate in drinking water for up to 904 days, an increase in life expectancy was observed (Schroeder and Mitchener 1975). 

In lifetime drinking water studies in rats and mice, nickel acetate (0.6 mg nickel/kg/day for rats 0.95 mg nickel/kg/day for mice) was found to be noncarcinogenic (Schroeder et al. 1964, 1974). The incidence of tumors was comparable to that observed in controls. 

Following a 2-year study in rats in which nickel levels were measured in bone, liver, kidney, and fat, Ambrose et al. (1976) concluded that there were no important storage sites for nickel. In control rats, bone nickel was 0.53 ppm in female rats and <0.096 ppm in male rats. An explanation for the difference in bone nickel between male and female rats was not provided. Nickel was found to cross the placenta, as indicated by increases in the levels of nickel in the fetuses of mice given nickel during gestation (Jasim and Tjalve 1986a Schroeder et al. 1964). 

---