Sediment oxidized

Nelson, M. B., Davis, J. A., Benjamin, M. M. and Leckie, J. O. (1977). The Role of Iron Sulfides in Controlling Trace Heavy Metals in Anaerobic Sediments Oxidative Dissolution of Ferrous Monosulfides and the Behavior of Associated Trace Metals." Air Force Weapons Laboratory, Technical Report 425. 

Determination of total fluoride in soil, sediments, oxides and other raw materials requires complete decomposition of the sample. Accumulation of fluoride in soil can be studied by employing appropriate extraction procedures. 

Oxidation by manganese oxides Laboratory system Marine sediments Oxidation by iron oxides Unidentified anaerobic oxidation Lake sediments... 

In sediments, oxidized iron is commonly present as the oxides magnetite, hematite, goethite, limonite, and as silicates such as ferric chamo-site. In reduced form iron is present as siderite, several iron (II) silicates, sulfides, such as pyrite, FeS2, and as undefined compounds of the general type FeS nH20, sometimes referred to as hydrotroilite. In rare cases iron occurs in native form in wood in bogs, in petrified wood mixed with limonite and organic matter, and in carbonaceous sediments. 

Lagunera, Mexico 400 000 8-620 Volcanic sediments Oxidizing, neutral to high pH, arsenic mainly as As(V) 1960s... 

Dacey, J.W.H., and Howes, B.L. (1984) Water uptake by roots control water table movement and sediment oxidation in a short Spartina marsh. Science 224, 487-489. 

In the analysis of the deposition of iron sediments it has already been mentioned that quite likely both iron silicates and carbonates and amorphous iron hydroxide were formed, which could convert to other forms both during the formation of the sediment and in subsequent diagenesis. Reduction of hydroxide could have been controlled by external (atmospheric) or internal (organic matter, free carbon in the sediment) oxidation-reduction buffer systems. All these variants need additional consideration in the thermodynamic analysis of diagenetic processes. 

Bray, J. T., O. P. Bricker, and B. N. Troup (1973). Phosphate in interstitial waters of anoxic sediments, oxidation effects during sampling procedure. Science 180, 1362-1364. 

Nelson, M. B., J. A. Davis, M. M. Benjamin, and J. O. Leckie (1977). The role of iron sulfides in controlling trace heavy metals in anaerobic sediments oxidative dissolution of ferrous monosulfides and the behavior of associated trace metals." Report CEEDO-TR-77-13 Civil and Environmental Engineering Development Office, Air Force Systems Command, Tyndall AFB, Florida, USA. 

Maes, A. Cremers, A. (1986) Radionuclide sorption in soils and sediments Oxide-organic matter competition. In Speciation of Fission and Activation Products in the Environment, eds. R.A. Bulman J.R. Cooper, pp. 93-100. London Elsevier Applied Science Publ. 

The major disposal alternatives for dredged sediments and their modifications are listed in Table 7-3 (Gambrell et al., 1978) These categories differ primarily in the biological population exposed to the contaminated sediments, oxidation-reduction conditions, and transport pro-... 

Fig. II. Fe concentration in overlying water versus time of resuspension in pyrite-FOAM sediment oxidation experiment , FOAM sediment A, ground pyrite O, seawater blank.

In sediments, the immobilization of heavy metals often occurs by sulfide formation. Pollutants can become remobilized by sediment oxidation after lowering of the water table or by erosion (Forstner 1995). The solution composition of the interstitial water phase is the most sensitive indicator of pollutant reactions with surfaces (Forstner et al. 1999). A comprehensive description of the reactions of inorganics in anoxic sediments was provided by Song and Muller (1999). 

Toxic metals associated with wetland soils are present in various forms dissolved, adsorbed, bound to carbonates, to Fe and Mn oxides, to sulfides, and insoluble organic matter forms, and within the crystalline structure of primary minerals (Shannon and White, 1991). The amount of organic matter and clay minerals, the soil acidity (pH), and the sediment oxidation-reduction status (Eh) of soils are very important physicochemical properties influencing the mobility of toxic metals. 

Soil and sediment oxidation-reduction reactions play an important role in determining arsenic solubility, mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity. Under natural environmental conditions, arsenate... 

In wetland soils, the amount of organic matter, clay mineral, soil acidity (pH), and sediment oxidation-reduction status govern the solubility and mobility of toxic metals. 

A study on degradation of PCP (a wood-preserving compound) showed that degradation was strongly influenced by sediment pH and oxidation-reduction potential conditions (DeLaune et al., 1983). Mineralization rates decreased with decreasing sediment oxidation-reduction potential (Figure 13.12). 

Pezeshki, S. R. and R. D. DeLaune. 1990. Influence of sediment oxidation-reduction potential on root elongation in Spartina patens. Acta Oecol. 11 377-383. 

Uhler, A. D. and J. C. Means. 1985. Reaction of dissolved chlorine with surficial sediment oxidant demand and production of trihalomethanes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19 340-344. 

Water treatment technologies consist of many steps, such as sedimentation, oxidation, coagulation, flocculation, filtration, flotation, ion exchange, adsorption, and reverse osmosis. They are intended for the destruction of water contaminants and their removal from treated water bulk. At that, water is disinfected by different methods, namely, chlorination, ozonation, ultraviolet light treatment, and ultrasound treatment. 

Mg -montmorillonite was prepared by fractionation (sedimentation), oxidation of organic material, ion ex-... 

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