Schistosoma haematobium infection

Schistosoma haematobium (infection with) Schistosoma japonicum (infection with)... 

Metrifonate is a safe, low-cost alternative drug for the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium infections. It is not active against S mansoni or S japonicum. It is not available in the USA. 

Pica-Mattoccia, L., Novi, A. and Cioli, D. (1997) Enzymatic basis for the lack of oxamniquine activity in Schistosoma haematobium infections. Parasitology Research 83, 687-689. 

De Clercq, D. Vercruysse, J. Kongs, A. Verle, R Dompnier, J. R Faye, R C. Efficacy of artesunate and praziquantel in Schistosoma haematobium infected schoolchildren. Acta Prop., 2002, 82 61-66. 

Stephenson LS, Latham MC, Kinoti SN, Oduori ML. Regression of splenomegaly and hepatomegaly in children treated for Schistosoma haematobium infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1985 34(l) 119-23. 

Hicks RM, Ismail MM, Walters CL, Beecham PT, Rabie MF, El Alamy MA (1982) Association of bacteriuiia and urinary nitrosamine formation with Schistosoma haematobium infection in the Qalyub area of Egypt. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 76 519-527 Izquierdo J, Antunez I, Calderon MT, Perez Giraldo C, Munoz Sanz A (1988) Diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium and colonic neoplasia. Rev din Esp 182 393-394 Khurana S, Dubey ML, MaUa N (2005) Association of parasitic infections and cancers. Indian J Med Microbiol 23 74—79... 

Kouriba B, Chevillard C, Bream JH et al 2005 Analysis of the 5q31-q33 locus shows an association between IL13-1055C/T IL-13-591A/G polymorphisms and Schistosoma haematobium infections.) Immunol 174 6274-6281... 

In an open, randomized comparison of mefloquine (25 mg/kg), artesunate (three doses of 4 mg/kg), artesunate + mefloquine (three doses of artesunate 100 mg+mefloquine 250 mg), and praziquantel (40 mg/kg) in 83 children with Schistosoma haematobium infection, the cure rates at day 26 were 21%, 25%, 61% and 88% respectively [14 ]. Both artesunate + mefloquine and praziquantel achieved egg reduction rates of over 95%. Abdominal pain was the most frequent adverse reaction, with a higher incidence among children treated with mefloquine (89%), mefloquineartesunate (83%), and artesunate (60%) than in those treated with praziquantel (40%). 

Praziquantel (40 mg/kg), mefloquine (25 mg/kg), artesunate (3 doses of 4 mg/kg), and mefioquine + artesunate (3 doses of artesunate 100 mg - - mefloquine 250mg) have been compared in a randomized open trial in 83 schoolchildren with Schistosoma haematobium infections [22 ]. The effects on Schistosoma mansoni, malaria parasitemia, soil-transmitted helminths, and intestinal protozoa were also determined. Cure rates were 88%, 21 %, 25 %, and 61 % respectively. Both mefloquine-I-artesunate and praziquantel resulted in greater than 95% egg reduction rates. There were significantly lower egg reduction rates with artesunate (85%) and mefloquine (74%). In children co-infected with S. mansoni, praziquantel and mefloquine+artesunate, but not mefloquine and artesunate alone, resulted in high cure rates and egg reduction rates. Mefloquine, artesunate, and mefloquine-I-artesunate completely cured infections due to Plasmodium falciparum. There were no effects against soil-transmitted helminths and intestinal protozoa. There were four cases of mild headache (two with mefloquine and two with praziquantel) and two cases of moderate coughing (one with artesunate and one with mefloquine) both symptoms were also reported before treatment. There were 48 mild and 70 moderate adverse events recorded at 24,48, and 72 hours after... 

Borrmann S, Szlezak N, Faucher IF et al (2001) Artesunate and praziquantel for the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium infections a double-blind, randcnnized, placebo-controlled study. J Infect Dis 184 1363-1366... 

Van den Biggelaar A, van Ree R, Roderigues LC, et al Decreased atopy in children infected with Schistosoma haematobium a role for parasite-induced interleukin-10. Lancet 2000 356 1723-1727. 

Different species of Schistosoma such as 5. mansoni, S. japonicum and 5. haematobium infect the human host (Hoffmann and Dunne, 2003). The adult stage of Schistosoma is adapted to life in human blood vessels, being capable of surviving for years in the host despite a significant immune response (Pearce and MacDonald, 2002). The ability of Schistosoma to foil host defences depends on a series of... 

Although half a dozen species have been found to infect humans, the three most important species are Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma haematobium. The first two species are the agents of intestinal schistosomiasis, where eggs are passed in the faeces, and the third species causes urinary schistosomiasis. 

De Clercq, D., Vercruysse, J., Picquet, M., Shaw, D.J., Diop, M., Ly, A. and Gryseels, B. (1999) The epidemiology of a recent focus of mixed Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni infections around the Lac de Guiers in the Senegal River Basin, Senegal. Tropical Medicine and International Health 4, 544-550. 

Schistosoma haematobium are predominantly human parasites whilst Schistosoma japon-icum is zoonotic in a wide range of domestic animals as well as humans, and species such as Schistosoma bovis, Schistosoma spindale and Schistosoma mattheei infect domestic livestock. The mammalian host becomes infected when... 

Boulanger, D., Warter, A., Trottein, F., Mauny, F., Bremond, P., Audibert, F., Couret, D., Kadri, S., Godin, C., Sellin, E., Pierce, R.J., Lecocq, J.P., Sellin, B. and Capron, A. (1 995) Vaccination of patas monkeys experimentally infected with Schistosoma haematobium using a recombinant glutathione S-transferase cloned from 5. mansoni. Parasite Immunology 1 7, 361-369. 

Viral, parasitic, and bacterial infections have been linked to cancer (Table 9). DNA viruses such as Epstein-Barr, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, papillomaviruses, and Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus and RNA viruses such as human T-cell leukemia virus type I and human immunodeficiency virus have been implicated in causing cancer in humans and are listed as known-to-cause-cancer in humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC). In man, the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, is associated with the development of cholangiocarcinomas of the liver and the blood fluke. Schistosoma haematobium, with carcinoma of the urinary bladder. There is evidence that chronic Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach in man is not only related to... 

Schistosoma haematobium Larvae enter through skin from water Infects liver, spleen, intestine ... 

Schistosomiasis is caused by digenetic blood trematodes. The three main species infecting humans are Schistosoma haematobium,... 

Nowadays, it is estimated that approximately 20 % of all cancers worldwide are associated with infections. First and foremost, a number of different viruses are of importance like the Epstein-Barr virus (Burkitt lymphoma, naso-pharyn-geal cancer), the human herpes virus type 8, the human papilloma virus, the hepatitis-B- and -C-viruses, and above all, the human immunodeficiency virus (Kaposi sarcoma). The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the leading contributor to stomach cancer. Parasites, like the flatworm Schistosoma haematobium (the cause of biUiarzia or snail fever) lead in Egypt to an increased incidence of bladder cancer, and types of liver flukes Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis) are important risk factors, particularly in south-east Thailand and in southern China, for the appearance of Cholangio carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. [296]... 

Keiser J, N Guessan NA, Adoubryn KD, Silue KD, Vounatsou P, Hatz C, Utzinger J, N Goran EK. Efficacy and safety of mefloquine, artesunate, mefloqui-ne-artesunate, and praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium randomized, exploratory open-label trial. Clin Infect Dis 2010 50(9) 1205-13. 

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