Scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Gilardoni, S., Fermo, P., Cariati, F., Gianelle, V., Pitea, D., Collina, E., andLasagni, M. (2004). MSWI fly ash particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy—energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Environ. Sri. Technol. 38, 6669—6675. 

In this chapter, the main influences of temperature on the products obtained by hard tissues thermal processing are presented, highhghting the approaches and methods available nowadays. The main thermal analysis methods used to trace/identify the transformations that occur with the increase of the fabrication temperature are also emphasized. The correlation of such results with ones provided by complementary investigation methods, such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction, can enable a complex and insightful research on the evolution of the morphology and structure of hard tissues when subjected to heat-treatments. In the final part, results obtained for thermally treated bone samples are presented and an ample comparative discussion is carried out with respect to other reported studies. 

In cementitious systems, TGA (or also DSC or DTA) is generally used to identify hydration phases, to confirm the presence of both crystalline and amorphous phases found by XRD, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis and/or to quantify the amount of solids present. The discussion presented in this chapter will mainly focus on TGA only Section... 

SEM-EDS/EDX scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy... 

HZSM5 (Si/AI = 27.5), HMOR (Si/AI = 10) and NaY (Si/AI = 2.65) zeolites were partially ion-exchanged with NiClg or CoClg solutions. The composition of the ion-exchanged zeolites (Table 1) was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy -Energy Dispersive X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). 

Hill, A. D., A. H. Lehman, H. Arm, and M. L. Parr (2007), Using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to analyze archaeological materials, J. Chem. Educ. 84(5), 810-813. 

The Atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) results on the solids confirm the chemical purity of Py, Cp, Qz, Cal and Dol samples. The Po sample contains calcium which, after conversion into calcite, gives approximately 10wt% of this mineral. Sid sample contains 10.3 wt% Mn and 1.86 wt% Mg, in agreement with measurements using a Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis again this explains the difference between the measured and theoretical density of the Sid powder. 

To find the distribution of iron within the nanotube walls an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) line scan was performed via scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), see Fig. 5. 55. The intensity of both the TiK and FeKa lines are maximum at the center of the wall due to its torus shape. Despite the presence of isolated hematite crystallites, a more or less uniform distribution of iron relative to the titanium can be seen across the wall. STEM line scans were performed across a number of walls, and while the average relative intensity of the TiK and FeKa lines varied from wall to wall the relative distribution across a single wall remained uniform. It appears that some of the iron goes into the titanium lattice substituting titanium ions, and the rest either forms hematite crystallites or remains in the amorphous state. 

Brodowski, S., Amelung, W., Haumaier, L., Abetz, C., and Zech, W. (2005). Morphological and chemical properties of black carbon in physical soil fractions as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Geoderma 128, 116-129. 

Effects of Chemical Purity. Zirconia tubes from five different sources were analyzed at Pennsylvania State University using scanning electron microscopy, plasma emission spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron beam microprobe analysis. The sources for the tubes included several commercially available tubes as well as tubes fabricated by the Pennsylvania State University Ceramics Department. 

Current methods used to image MCM-41 include (1) analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine structure, size, morphology, and local chemical composition (2) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine chemical composition 5 and (3) electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for elemental analysis.6... 

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