Scanning electron microscopy contact angle measurement using

The objective of this work was the utilization of some recently developed techniques that may be of value in the characterization of the adhesive process between a titanium alloy and a variety of polylmide resin systems. The techniques utilized were electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), specular reflectance infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Contact angles of various liquids on the titanium alloy were also measured. Specifically, the question arises to what extent are any of these techniques of value in the characterization of the interface and in the determination of interactions for the titanium 6-4/polyimide resin systems. Dwight and Riggs (5) successfully used ESCA, soft X-ray spectroscopy, contact angle hysteresis and electron microscopy to examine fluoropolymer surfaces. 

In order to understand the behavior of surfaces after surface modification, it is essential to examine their surface composition and structure in detail. A large number of techniques are available, and it is often desirable to combine several of these methods. The techniques used to monitor surface properties include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, imaging ellipsometry, and water contact angle measurements. 

For deposition of hydrophobic coatings, a mixture of CHVHe gases was used in the plasma. Superhydrophobic coatings were created with a Cp4/H2/He plasma. The deposited coatings were analyzed with PM-RAIRS, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL 6700 F - FESEM), atomicforce microscopy (AFM, Molecular Imaging SPM microscope with RHK controllers), ellipsometiy, and water contact angle measurements. 

A whole host of characterization techniques have been employed to assess the occurrence and the extent of the modification. These tools include FTIR and XPS spectroscopy, elemental analysis, contact angle measurements, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). New emerging techniques, such as the take-off angle photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), solid state NMR, confo-cal fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have recently started to he used in this field. 

The chemical changes caused by pre-treatments may be studied by the use of contact angle measurements (see Surface characterization by contact angles polymers) or preferably with surface techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The topographical changes are best studied by means of Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or Atomic force microscopy (AFM). 

Among these, some of the most frequently used are attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy, laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), enviromnental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurement, and some evaluation methods for the biocompatibility of membrane surfaces. 

The purpose of this chapter is to present the LAD performance experiments carried out in room temperature liquids. Bubble point and reseal pressure tests for a 325x2300, 450 X 2750, and 510 x 3600 Dutch Twill screen are conducted in storable liquids, methanol, acetone, IPA, water, and binary methanol/water mixtures of various methanol concentrations. First screen pore diameters are estimated based on analysis from scanning electron microscopy and historical data. Experimental results are used to compare methods for determining effective pore diameter. Next, contact angles are measured for both pure and binary mixture fluids using a modified version of the Sessile Drop technique. Then, the equation of state analysis from Neumann and Good (1979) is used to determine the critical Zisman surface tension for stainless steel LAD screens, which... 

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