Optical Profilometry

Figure 3.2. Grain-boundary grooves formed on polycrystalline Ni surface (grain diameter of the order of 100 /mi) in two hours at 900CC. For wetting liquids, these grooves can act as capillaries. The profile was obtained by high-resolution optical profilometry.

All experiments were carried out at room temperature (21-22°C) and the rubbing time was 25 minutes, corresponding to 15,000 strokes. At the end of the test, the tungsten plates and the alumina spheres were removed fix>m the solution and rinsed with distilled water. For each condition the experiments were repeated twice or three times. The wear scar volume was determined by optical profilometry using a UBM laser system. 

Schematic overview of the detection groove structure. In the nanochannel structure (7-2), a deeper groove (i) is etched to enhance the detection. With this type of groove (with a depth of 4.75 pm see side view), a fivefold decrease in the detection limit could be obtained, (b) Outline of the automated injection system, (a) The supply channels in the PMMA connect to a cavity above the injection micro-well, (b) Wyko (optical profilometry) scan of the backside of the etched well, showing the position of the injection slit in the channel, together with the non-etched channel spacer regions (7, 2) delimiting the lateral extent of the channel and the non-etched region (3) preventing the mobile phase that is present in front of the channel to enter the channel. The flow direction is indicated by the arrows...

In order to understand the behavior of surfaces after surface modification, it is essential to examine their surface composition and structure in detail. A large number of techniques are available, and it is often desirable to combine several of these methods. The techniques used to monitor surface properties include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, imaging ellipsometry, and water contact angle measurements. 

Optical profilometry equipment is used for the measurement of surface texture, which includes features such as roughness, waviness, and lay. The methods of measiuement available can be further classified into contact and noncontact methods, and three-dimensional (area) and two-dimensional (profile) procedures. 

Fig. 2. Optical profilometry of an abraded steel surface, (a) Plan view, (b) three-dimensional representation, (c) and (d) surface profiles along lines indicated in (a)...

Gradients were characterized quantitatively by optical profilometry, measuring along and perpendicular to the gradient... 

Rou ess values were calculated from measurements with optical profilometry at differrait x positions on an original aluminium roughness gradient. 

Fig. 4. Optical profilometry measurements at different t positions on the gradient, (a) Sand-blasted only, (b) 3 mm, (c) 6 mm, (d) 9 mm, (e) 15 mm and (f) 20 mm. Measurements were carried out on an original aluminium roughness gradient. The side length of one square is 1 mm, the z scale is given in micrometres.

Images of the Superhydrophobic Layers Using Optical Profilometry... 

To obtain more quantitative information about the differences in the surface topographies of the PS layers with different polymer fillers, optical profilometry images were obtained for the most superhydrophobic, i. e., the M1E4H10X sample (Figure 15.7 a)). The roughness parameters of the surfaces are listed in Table 15.2. The dominant feature on the surface is a microstructure but as shown in Figure 15.7 b) a nanostructure is also present on microstructure protrusions. It is helpful if the air is trapped beneath the water droplet as it causes an increase of the contact angle up to 150°. 

OCS (oxygen storage capacity), 515 oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, 158 oligomeric siloxanes, 401 oligomeric species, 53 oligomerization, 522 opacity of tin dioxide films, 115 optical profilometry, 276 optical quality of aersol-derived films, 303 optical tweezers for particle interaction measuring, 428... 

Although this method is not commonly used outside of the research environment, it does provide absolute overall sputter yield information (overall, because this includes the effects of ion implantation if apparent), a fact realized as the mass removed is measured. In addition, this can be useful in cases where neither stylus profilometry nor optical profilometry is applicable. Disadvantages associated with this method lie in the fact that this does not reveal the condition of the initial surface nor the crater base formed, both of which are important if high-depth resolution is required. Extreme care must be employed when carrying out such measurements. 

Kann, B., Windbergs, M. (2013). Chemical imaging of drug delivery systems with structured surfaces—A combined analytical approach of confocal Raman microscopy and optical profilometry. The AAPS Journal, 15(2), 505-510. 

Intermetallic particles in aluminum alloys may be either anodic or cathodic relative to the matrix. As a result, two main types of pit morphologies are typically observed. Circumferential pits appear as a ring around a more or less intact particle or particle colony and the corrosion attack is mainly in the matrix phase. This type of morphology arises from localized galvanic attack of the more active matrix promoted by the more noble (cathodic) particle as is shown in Figure 16.6, which also shows the phenomenon with an image collected via optical profilometry. 

Figure 33 (a) Five ink-jet-printed lines of /7s/fu-formed polyurethane, imaged using optical profilometry. From top to bottom, the parallel lines consist of an increased number of layers, where each layer consists of two print runs from both reactants. From top to bottom the number of layers decreases from 5 to 1. (b) Height and width measurements of the same five lines, displayed as a function of the number of layers. Reprinted with permission from Krbber, P. Delaney, J. T. Perelaer, J. etal. J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19, 5234. Copyright 2010 the Royal Society of Chemistry. 

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