Saybolt furol viscosity

The Saybolt universal viscosity (SUS) (ASTM D88) is the time in seconds required for the flow of 60 mL of petroleum from a container, at constant temperature, through a calibrated orifice. The Saybolt furol viscosity (SFS) (ASTM D88) is determined in a similar manner except that a larger orifice is employed. 

Saybolt Furol viscosity the time, in seconds (Saybolt Furol seconds, SFS), for 60 mL of fluid to flow through a capillary tube in a Saybolt Furol viscometer at specified temperatures between 70 and 210°F the method is appropriate for high-viscosity oils such as transmission, gear, and heavy fuel oils. 

Saybolt Furol viscosity—the efflux time in seconds required for 60 milliliters of a petroleum product to flow through the calibrated... 

Saybolt Universal viscosity-the efflux time in seconds required for 60 milliliters of a petroleum product to flow through the calibrated orifice of a Saybolt Universal viscometer, under carefully controlled temperature, as prescribed by test method ASTM D 88. This method has largely been supplanted by the kinematic viscosity method. See Saybolt Furol viscosity, viscosity. 

SSF (Saybolt Furol seconds)—see Saybolt Furol viscosity. 

In the test, the time for a fixed volume of liquid to flow under gravity through the capillary of a calibrated viscometer under a reproducible driving head and at a closely controlled temperature is measured in seconds. The kinematic viscosity is the product of the measured flow time and the calibration constant of the viscometer. Conversion of the kinematic viscosity in centistokes (cSt) at any temperature to Saybolt Universal viscosity in Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS) at the same temperature and for converting kinematic viscosity in centistokes at 122 and 210°F to Saybolt Furol viscosity in Saybolt Furol seconds (SFS) at the same temperatures (ASTM D-2161) is avaibale through formulae. 

ASTM Method D 2161-56, Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity, ASTM Book, Part 17—Petroleum Products, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. 

ASTM E 102/E 102M. 2009. Standard test method for Saybolt Furol viscosity of bituminous materials at high temperatures. West Conshohocken, PA ASTM International. 

The Saybolt Universal and Saybolt Furol viscometers are widely used in the United States and the Engler in Europe. In the United States, viscosities on the lighter fuel grades are determined using the Saybolt Universal instrument at 38°C (100°E) for the heaviest fuels the Saybolt Enrol viscometer is used at 50°C (122°E). Similarly, in Europe, the Engler viscometer is used at temperatures of 20°C (68°E), 50°C (122°E), and in some instances at 100°C (212°E). Use of these empirical procedures for fuel oils is being superseded by kinematic system (ASTM D396 BS 2869) specifications for fuel oils. 

The most viscous fuel which has been extinguished by subsurface injection when stored at ambient temperatures of 60°F (15°C) is a material with a viscosity of 25 Saybolt Furol (SSF) at 122°F (50°C). 

Furol viscosity-viscosity of a petroleum oil measured with a Saybolt Furol viscometer see viscosity. 

Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or Say-bolt Furol Viscosity, ASTM Designation D 2163-93, American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia, PA, July, 1993. 

Furol viscosity. The efflux time in seconds (SFS) of 60 mL of sample flowing through a calibrated Furol orifice in a Saybolt viscometer under specified conditions. Furol viscosity is approximately 1/10 of Saybolt Universal viscosity and is used for fuel oil and residual materials of relatively high viscosity. Furol is derived from the words fuel and road oils. 

See Furol viscosity Saybolt Universal viscosity. (2) Abbreviation for sodium formaldehyde sulfoxy-late. 

The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to flow and is expressed as Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS), Saybolt Furol seconds (SFS), or cen-tistokes (cSt, kinematic viscosity). Viscosity is one of the more important... 

Although it is considered a technical advantage to specify kinematic viscosity, the conventional viscometers are still in wide use and it may be convenient, or even necessary, to be able to convert viscosities from one system to another. Provision is made (ASTM D-2161) for the conversion of kinematic viscosity to Saybolt Universal and Furol viscosity and (in IP standards) for conversion to Redwood viscosity ... 

The above test method is similar to that specified in ASTM D 6933 (2008). The main difference is that a 0.850 mm sieve instead of a 0.5 mm sieve is used. Additionally, the temperature at which the sieve test is performed is related to the viscosity of the bitumen emulsion. For those materials whose viscosity in Saybolt Furol seconds is 100 s or less at 25 C, the test is performed at ambient temperature. For those materials whose viscosity is greater than 100 s at 25°C and those whose viscosity is specified at 50 C, use a test temperature of 50 C 3°C. 

Trace the 1,000 time line to the intersection with the Saybolt Uhiveisal line. Follow the horizontal line (kinematic viscosity of approximately 215.0) to the Saybolt Furol line. Read down from the intersection. The Saybolt Furol time at 210 F is approiximately 103 sec. 

Orifice. Orifice viscometers, also called efflux or cup viscometers, are commonly used to measure and control flow properties in the manufacture, processing, and appHcation of inks, paints, adhesives, and lubricating oils. Their design answered the need for simple, easy-to-operate viscometers in areas where precision and accuracy are not particularly important. In these situations knowledge of a tme viscosity is uimecessary, and the efflux time of a fixed volume of Hquid is a sufficient indication of the fluidity of the material. Examples of orifice viscometers include the Ford, Zahn, and Shell cups used for paints and inks and the Saybolt Universal and Furol instmments used for oils (Table 5). 

This is very similar to the method above, but is applied to very high viscosity samples such as asphalts. Results are reported as Saybolt seconds furol (SSF). 

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