Furol viscosity

This equation is based on the approximation that the penetration is 800 at the softening point, but the approximation fails appreciably when a complex flow is present (80,81). However, the penetration index has been, and continues to be, used for the general characteristics of asphalt for example asphalts with a P/less than —2 are considered to be the pitch type, from —2 to +2, the sol type, and above +2, the gel or blown type (2). Other empirical relations that have been used to express the rheological-temperature relation are fluidity factor a Furol viscosity P, at 135°C and penetration P, at 25°C, relation of (H—P)P/100 and penetration viscosity number PVN again relating the penetration at 25°C and kinematic viscosity at 135 °C (82,83). 

The Saybolt universal viscosity (SUS) (ASTM D88) is the time in seconds required for the flow of 60 mL of petroleum from a container, at constant temperature, through a calibrated orifice. The Saybolt furol viscosity (SFS) (ASTM D88) is determined in a similar manner except that a larger orifice is employed. 

Saybolt Furol viscosity the time, in seconds (Saybolt Furol seconds, SFS), for 60 mL of fluid to flow through a capillary tube in a Saybolt Furol viscometer at specified temperatures between 70 and 210°F the method is appropriate for high-viscosity oils such as transmission, gear, and heavy fuel oils. 

Furol viscosity-viscosity of a petroleum oil measured with a Saybolt Furol viscometer see viscosity. 

Saybolt Furol viscosity—the efflux time in seconds required for 60 milliliters of a petroleum product to flow through the calibrated... 

Saybolt Universal viscosity-the efflux time in seconds required for 60 milliliters of a petroleum product to flow through the calibrated orifice of a Saybolt Universal viscometer, under carefully controlled temperature, as prescribed by test method ASTM D 88. This method has largely been supplanted by the kinematic viscosity method. See Saybolt Furol viscosity, viscosity. 

SSF (Saybolt Furol seconds)—see Saybolt Furol viscosity. 

Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or Say-bolt Furol Viscosity, ASTM Designation D 2163-93, American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia, PA, July, 1993. 

Furol viscosity. The efflux time in seconds (SFS) of 60 mL of sample flowing through a calibrated Furol orifice in a Saybolt viscometer under specified conditions. Furol viscosity is approximately 1/10 of Saybolt Universal viscosity and is used for fuel oil and residual materials of relatively high viscosity. Furol is derived from the words fuel and road oils. 

See Furol viscosity Saybolt Universal viscosity. (2) Abbreviation for sodium formaldehyde sulfoxy-late. 

In the test, the time for a fixed volume of liquid to flow under gravity through the capillary of a calibrated viscometer under a reproducible driving head and at a closely controlled temperature is measured in seconds. The kinematic viscosity is the product of the measured flow time and the calibration constant of the viscometer. Conversion of the kinematic viscosity in centistokes (cSt) at any temperature to Saybolt Universal viscosity in Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS) at the same temperature and for converting kinematic viscosity in centistokes at 122 and 210°F to Saybolt Furol viscosity in Saybolt Furol seconds (SFS) at the same temperatures (ASTM D-2161) is avaibale through formulae. 

Although it is considered a technical advantage to specify kinematic viscosity, the conventional viscometers are still in wide use and it may be convenient, or even necessary, to be able to convert viscosities from one system to another. Provision is made (ASTM D-2161) for the conversion of kinematic viscosity to Saybolt Universal and Furol viscosity and (in IP standards) for conversion to Redwood viscosity ... 

ASTM Method D 2161-56, Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity, ASTM Book, Part 17—Petroleum Products, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. 

ASTM E 102/E 102M. 2009. Standard test method for Saybolt Furol viscosity of bituminous materials at high temperatures. West Conshohocken, PA ASTM International. 

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