Saturn

Saturn is the second-largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter. Its equatorial radius is 37,448 miles (60,268 km), about nine times that of Earth, and its mass is 568.46 x 1024 kg, about 95 times that of Earth. As of early 2007, scientists had found 56 satellites of Saturn, the largest of which is Titan, with a radius of 8,448 feet (2,575 km, about 50 percent larger than that of Earth s Moon), and a mass of 1,345.5 x IO20 kg (about twice that of the Moon). Saturn s density is 0.687 g/cm3, less than that of water. This fact means that (if one could find a body of water large enough) Saturn would float on water. It is the only planet with a density less than that of water. 

Voyager 1 flew by Saturn on November 12, 1980, at a distance of three planet radii from the planet s atmosphere, while Voyager 2 flew past the planet on August 26, 1981, at a distance of 2.67 planet radii. The two spacecraft carried a variety of instruments that allowed them to measure the chemical composition of the planet s atmosphere, the presence and strength of its magnetic field, any electrical properties associated with the planet, and other physical characteristics of the planet, its satellites, and ring system. 

Voyager 1 and 2 collected new information about Saturn and confirmed or corrected earlier data. (Where the two spacecraft reported 

Source NASA Planet Fact Sheets, available online at http //nssdc.gsfc.nasa. gov/planetary/planetfact.html. 

Some of the most interesting results of the Voyager flights past Saturn involve their discoveries about the planet s famous ring system. 

The water clouds are found deepest. Generally the cloud layers in the atmosphere of Saturn are deeper than in Jupiter s atmosphere because of the lower temperature on Saturn. 

Observed since 1831, the Great Red Spot is larger than the Earth. It is a persistent anticyclonic storm located south of the equator. The oval rotates counterclockwise with a period of six days. Jupiter has also white ovals (cool clouds) and brown ovals (warmer clouds)—these smaller sized storms can last for hours to months. 

Jupiter is surrounded by a faint ring system and the particles of the ring seem to consist mainly of dust not of ice. 

As the other gas giants, Jupiter rotates fast and differentially. The zones near the equator rotate faster than those nearer to the poles and Jupiter s shape is that of an oblate spheroid. Jupiter s rotation period is the fastest of all planets in the solar system (less than 10 hours). 

Saturn is the second largest planet in the solar system and the only planet that is less dense than water (p = 0.69 g/cm ) and its mass is 95 Earth masses. 

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Helium is extensively used for filling balloons as it is a much safer gas than hydrogen. One of the recent largest uses for helium has been for pressuring liquid fuel rockets. A Saturn booster, like the type used on the Apollo lunar missions, required about 13 million fts of helium for a firing, plus more for checkouts. 

Anglo-Saxon lead L. plumbum) Long known, mentioned in Exodus. The alchemists believed lead to be the oldest metal and associated with the planet Saturn. Native lead occurs in nature, but it is rare. 

Alkanes have the general molecular formula C H2 +2 The srmplest one methane (CH4) rs also the most abundant Large amounts are present rn our atmosphere rn the ground and rn the oceans Methane has been found on Juprter Saturn Uranus Neptune and Pluto and even on Halley s Comet... 

Diacetylene (HC=C—C=CH) has been identified as a component of the hydrocarbon rich atmospheres of Uranus Neptune and Pluto It is also present m the atmospheres of Titan and Triton satellites of Saturn and Neptune respectively... 

The ring-chiorinated benzyl chlorides are used ia the preparation of quaternary ammonium salts and as iatermediates for pharmaceuticals and pesticides. p-C. orohen zyl chloride is an iatermediate ia the manufacture of the rice herbicide, Saturn ((S-4-chlorobenzyl)-N,N-diethylthiolcarbamate [28249-77-6] (75). The o- and -chlorobenzal chlorides (l-chloro-2-and 4-dich1 oromethylhenzenes) are starting materials for the manufacture of o- and p- chlo rob enz aldehyde s. 

Chemical Designations - Syiwnyms Lead acetate trihydrate Neutral lead acetate Normal lead acetate Salt of Saturn Sugar of lead Chemical Formula Pb(C2H30i)2-3H20. 

A final, somewhat variable outlet for large-scale liquid oxygen is as oxidant in rocket fuels for space exploration, satellite launching and space shuttles. For example, in the Apollo mission to the moon (1979), each Saturn 5 launch rocket used 1270 m (i.e. 1.25 million litres or 1450 tonnes) of liquid oxygen in Stage 1, where it oxidized the kerosene fuel (195 000 1, or about 550 tonnes) in the almost unbelievably short time of 2.5 min. Stages 2 and 3 had 315 and 76.3 m of liquid O2 respectively, and the fuel was liquid FI2. 

Saturei,/, -kraut, n. savory, -bl, n, savory oil. saturieren, v.t. saturate (Sugar) carbonate. Saturnrot, n. Saturn red, minium,... 

In 1859 Maxwell, who had just completed a famous essay on the structure of the rings of Saturn, chanced to read a paper by Rudolph Clausius on gas theory. Maxwell had proved that the rings had to be com-... 

The most common use of the gas turbine power system in the oil and gas industry is in combination with an electrical system (i.e., electric generators and electric motors). In 1965 such a system was used to power a rotary rig. This was a 3,000-hp rig developed by Continental-Ensco. The rig used three 1,100-hp Solar Saturn single-shaft gas turbines. These gas turbines operated at 22,300 rpm and were connected through double reduction gear transmissions to DC generators. 

Our solar system consists of the Sun, the planets and their moon satellites, asteroids (small planets), comets, and meteorites. The planets are generally divided into two categories Earth-like (terrestrial) planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars and Giant planets—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Little is known about Pluto, the most remote planet from Earth. 

In the Rosarium philosophorum Belinus had recalled the manner in which Saturn had dismembered his body, but he went to his mother (a type of Isis) to request that she collect up the parts and re-assemble him. ... 

Saturn devouring his offspring, in Be Alchimia, MS Leiden Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit Cod. Voss. Ghent. f29, folio 73 (16th Century). With the permission of the Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, Leiden. 

Chromatographic columns (glass with stopcock and solvent reservoir, 10-mm i.d.) Fused-silica capillary column, DB-1701, 60 m x 0.32-mm i.d., O.lS-qm film thickness (14% cyanopropylphenyl)methylpolysiloxane Varian 3400 gas chromatograph equipped with a temperature-programmed SPI injector, a Varian 8100 autosampler, and a Varian Saturn II lontrap mass spectrometer Centrifuge vials, 10- and 250-mL Evaporation flasks, 100- and 250-mL Separatory funnel, 250-mL... 

Electron impact MS detector, Saturn n lontrap MS Narrow mass range m z 140-190 miz 145,173 Helium carrier gas, head pressure set to 30 psi 1 pL... 

Saturn 2000). The initial oven temperature was set at 90°C, then increased to 120°C with 10°C/tnin. The injector ports and the detector were held at 250°C. 

Biographical Note, by A.E. Waite.—The Stone of the Philosophers.-Certain Fragments Selected From the Letters of Edward Kelly.-The Humid Way, or, A Discourse Upon the Vegetable Menstruum of Saturn.—The Theatre of Terrestial Astronomy... 

Biographical note, by A.E. Waite.—The stone of the philosophers.—Certain fragments selected from the letters of Edward Kelly.-The humid way, or, A discourse upon the vegetable menstruum of Saturn.—The theatre of terrestial astronomy... 

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