Saturated Ammonia

The following is an alternative method of preparation 1 gram 2-(7-chloropropyl)-s-tri-azolo-[4,3-al-pyridine-3-one and 5 ml saturated ammonia alcoholic solution are heated for 5 hours in a closed tube at 100°C. The contents of the tube are cooled, the ammonium chloride filtered out and the solvent is removed. There remains a residue of 0.9 grams 2-(7-aminopropyl)-s-triazolo-[4,3-al -pyridine-3-one. 

Saturated ammonia solutions do not attack tin, possibly because of the negligible oxygen content, but more dilute solutions behave like those of other alkalis of comparable pH. 

S,3R)-Aziridine-2-carboxylic amide 258 (Scheme 3.95) has been used in the synthesis of the cyclic guanidino amino acid, L-epicapreomycidine (260) [145]. Treatment of 258 with saturated ammonia in methanol at 30 °C for 4 days in a pressure bottle resulted in the aziridine ring-opening product, which afforded 259 in 52 % yield after removal of the Cbz protecting group. 

The sodamide for dehydrobromination of dibromohendecanoic acid is prepared according to the method of Khan et al.,2 with some modifications (Note 2). A 3-1. three-necked flask is equipped with a stirrer and a Dry Ice-acetone cold finger reflux condenser attached through a drying tube to a trap and a bubbler filled with a saturated ammonia solution. After the con-... 

Table XIV.—Specific Volume of Saturated Ammonia Vapouk (c.c. per gram).

Table XV.—Density of Saturated Ammonia Vapour (grams per litre).

The ammonia superheater takes the saturated ammonia vapour at 35°C and superheats it to 177°C for mixing with air downstream. Superheated steam at 380°C and 4000 kPa is the heating medium. 

A solution is saturated if it contains the maximum amount of solute that can possibly be dissolved in a solvent at the existing temperature and pressure conditions. If a solution is saturated, it need not be concentrated. Concentrated refers to the ratio of solute to solvent. A solution is concentrated if it contains a high ratio of solute to solvent. A solution is dilute if it contains a low ratio of solute to solvent. A solution of ammonia gas dissolved in water can be highly concentrated but not saturated. Ammonia gas dissolves easily in water. Barium hydroxide is slightly soluble. A saturated solution of barium hydroxide is very dilute. 

Data for saturated ammonia on the same basis are given in Table 9.2. 

A mixture consisting of the Step 6 product (0.30 mmol) in 10 ml saturated ammonia/methyl alcohol solution was stirred 4 hours at ambient temperature and then concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using 10% methyl alcohol/CHCl3 and the product isolated in 100% yield as a white solid, mp = 194 - 196°C (dec). 

Properties of Saturated Ammonia Liquid and Vapor. Table 4 is derived from [31]. Further data may be found in [30], [34], [36] and [37], For calculations from reduced data, among others, see [2], [54]. 

Table 4. Properties of saturated ammonia liquid and vapor...

AUcyl esters (e.g., methyl, ethyl, benzyl esters) are usually stable toward amines and, thus, are used as protecting groups. Some anecdotic examples of amide bond formation with aUcyl esters, however, are reported in the literature. High reaction temperature, addition of a Lewis acid (52), or use of organoaluminium species generated from DIBAL-H-H2NR (53) can enable these reactions. Saturated ammonia in methanol can also react with... 

Saturated ammonia vapor at 10"C condenses on the outside of a 4-cm-ouier-diameter, 15-m-long horizontal tube whose outer surface is maintained at - 10°C. Determine (a) the rate of heat transfer from the ammonia and (b) the rate of condensation of ammonia. 

Saturated ammonia vapor at 25°C condenses on the outside surface of 16 thin-wallcd lubes, 2.5 cm in diameter, arranged hortzonially in a 4 X 4 square array. Coobng water enters the tubes at 14°C at an average velocity of 2 m/s and exits at I7 C. Calculate (a) the rale of condensation, b) the overall heat transfer coefficient, and (c) the tube length. 

Shown in Fig. PlO-95 is the tube layout for a horizontal condenser that is used for liquefying 900 kg/h of saturated ammonia vapor at 37"C. There are 14 copper tubes, each with inner diameter L>i = 3.0 cm and outer diameter f), = 3.8 cm. A coolant flows through the tubes at an average temperature of 20°C such that it yields a heat transfer coefficient of 4.0 kW/m K. For this condenser, estimate (a) the average value of the overall heat transfer coefficient and (b) the tube length. 

Table A-2 Boiling and freezing point properties 843 Table A-3 Properties of solid metals 844 846 Table A-4 Properties of solid nonmetals 847 Table A-5 Properties of building materials 848-849 Table A-6 Properties of insulating materials 850 Table A-] Properties of common foods 851-852 Table A-8 Properties of miscellaneous materials 853 TableA-9 Properties of saturated water 854 Table A 10 Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a 855 Table A-11 Properties of saturated ammonia 856 Table A-12 "Properties of saturated propane 857 Table A-13 Properties of liquids 858 Table A-14 Properties of liquid metals 859 Table A- 5 Properties of air at 1 atm pressure 860 TableA-16 Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure 861-862 Table A-17 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude 863 Table A-18 Emissivities of surfaces 864-865 Table A-19 Solar radiative properties of materials 866 Figure A-20 The Moody chart for friction factor for fully developed flow in circular pipes 867...

Example Estimate the molar density of liquid and vapor saturated ammonia at 353.15 K, using the Soave and Peng-Robinson EoS. 

EDTA (0.05 moll-1). Add in a fume cupboard, 146 0.05 g of EDTA (free acid) to 800 20 ml of distilled water and partially dissolve, by stirring, in 130 5 ml of saturated ammonia solution (prepared by bubbling ammonia gas into distilled water). The addition of ammonia shall be continued until all of the EDTA has dissolved. The obtained solution should be filtered, if necessary, through a filter paper of porosity 1.4-2.0 i m, into a 10 1 polyethylene bottle and diluted to 9.0 0.5 1 with distilled water. The pH should be adjusted to 7.00 0.05 by the addition of a few drops of either ammonia or hydrochloric acid (as appropriate). The solution should then be made up to 10 1 with... 

Acenaphthenyl methyl ketone (2 g) is heated with purified dioxan (8 g) and a solution of sulfur (1 g) in ammonium sulfide solution [10 g prepared by saturating ammonia solution 0/0.88) with hydrogen sulfide] in a sealed tube at 160° for 12 h. The crude 1-acenaphthene-acetamide produced is hydrolysed by 4 hours boiling with 15% sodium hydroxide solution (50 ml), giving a 57 % overall yield of the acid. 

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