Sarcoma pediatric

Epirubicin EU and osteogenic sarcomas, pediatric malignancies, and adult solid tumors (particularly lung and breast cancers) Breast, ovarian, gastric, and... 

Lee CS, Southey MG, Waters K, et al. EWS/FLI-1 fusion transcript detection and MIG2 immunohistochemical staining in the detection of Ewing s sarcoma. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med. 1996 16 379-392. 

Isocyanide-based MCR was also applied for the total synthesis studies of natural products containing piperazine substructure. For example, trabectedin (also known as ecteinascidin 743 or ET-743) is undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of breast, prostate, and pediatric sarcomas. Ecteinascidin 743 (2) is an extremely potent antitumor agent isolated from a marine tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinate [12]. Eukuyama et al. developed the total synthesis of ecteinascidin 743 from a Ugi reaction [13]. The reaction of p-methoxyphenyl isocyanide 3 gave Ugi product 7, which was cyclized to DKP intermediate 8 (Scheme 1). 

Concurrent therapy for the treatment of more than three brain metastases using paclitaxel and radiation has been explored in a phase III trial (144). The hypothesis here being that high-dose paclitaxel in combination with cranial radiation should improve local control while providing systemically active amounts of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, there was no statically significant improvement in survival seen. There is certainly a place to further explore the benefits and toxicides experienced with concurrent taxane-based therapy with radiation in metastatic disease. The role of the taxanes in concurrent chemoradiotherapy with sarcomas and pediatric tumors has not been explored at this time. 

Vincristine has been effectively combined with prednisone for remission induction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. It is also active in various hematologicmalignancies such as Hodgkin s and non-Hodgkin s lymphomas, and multiple myeloma, and in several pediatric tumors including rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing s sarcoma, and Wilms tumor. 

Dactinomycin is mainly used to treat pediatric tumors such as Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing s sarcoma, but it has activity also against germ cell tumors and gestational trophoblastic disease. Dactinomycin can also induce a "radiation recall reaction." See Table 55 1 for other toxi cities. 

Webber, E.M., Morrison, K.B., Pritchard, S.L., Sorensen, PH.B. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver results of clinical management in one center. J. Pediatr. Surg. 1999 34 1641-1644... 

Nakajima W, Ishida A, Takahashi M, Hirayama M, Washino N, Ogawa M, Takahashi S, Okada K. Good outcome for infant of mother treated with chemotherapy for Ewing sarcoma at 25 to 30 weeks gestation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2004 26(5) 308-ll. 

Hilton M A, Bertolone S, Patel CC. Daily profiles of plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine in patients with osteogenic sarcoma during treatment with high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum rescue. Med Pediatr Oncol 1989 17(4) 265-70. 

Nikiforova MN, Groen P, Mutema G, et al. Detection of SYT-SSX rearrangements in synovial sarcomas by real-time one-step RT-PCR. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2005 8 162-167. 

Raney RB, Anderson JR, Barr FG, et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma in the first two decades of life a selective review of intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study group experience and rationale for Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study V. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2001 23 215. 

Sehire NJ, Ramsay AD, Levitt G, et al. Aberrant immunohistochemical expression in nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas of infancy retrospective review of clinical material. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2002 5 579-586. 

Perlman EJ, Dickman PS, Askin FB, et al. Ewing s sarcoma— routine diagnostic utilization of MIC2 analysis a Pediatric Oncology Croup/Children s Cancer Group Intergroup Study. Hum Pathol. 1994 25 304-307. 

The common non-epithelial neoplasms that cause malignant effusions include malignant melanomas, lymphomas, sarcomas, germ cell tumors, and some pediatric malignant tumors. The determination of origin of non-epithelial malignancies on purely cytomorphologic... 

The classic antifolate methotrexate MTX continues to be an important component of the chemotherapeutic armamentarium for a variety of cancers including pediatric ALL, osteogenic sarcoma, lymphoma, and breast cancer. Raltitrexed, another anti-folate, is used throughout much of the world outside of the United States for advanced colorectal cancer. Finally, Peme-trexed was approved in 2004 for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma and shortly thereafter as a second line treatment for nonsmall cell lung cancer. These drugs mimic the natural folate molecule and in so doing utilize the membrane-bound reduced folate carrier (RFC) protein system to gain entry into the cell. 

Interferon alfa-2a is an immunomodulator. Interferon alfa-2a has antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Its elimination half-life is 3.7 to 8.5 hr after IV infusion. Adult use for hairy cell leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia pediatric use for chroiuc myelogenous leukemia. 

Pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia, osteogenic sarcoma, Burkitts lymphoma, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, breast, head, neck, small cell lung, choriocarcinoma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis. 

Dactinomydn is extensively used for pediatric sarcomas. Dactinomycin intercalates between DNA bases where it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA poly-... 

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (UES) is a rare and highly malignant hepatic neoplasm, affecting almost exclusively the pediatric population. A total of 63% of patients are between 6-10 years of age, and it commonly occurs in the first two decades of life. It has a survival rate of 40% at 3 years (O Sullivan et al. 2001 Lack et al. 1991). 

Montemarano H, Lonergan GJ, Bulas DL et al (2000) Pancre-atoblastoma imaging findings in 10 patients and review of the literature. Radiology 214 476-482 Moon WK, Kim WS, Kim 10 et al (1994) Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver US and CT findings. Pediatr Radiol 24 500-503... 

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