Titanium sponge

Note that titanium metal produced as crystal bars by the Van Arkel-Deboer process is so negligible industrmlly in comparison with the Kroll process that it was not taken into account in this study. 

Note that at plants located in countries of the former Soviet Union and in China, the chlorination of titania-rich feedstock is performed in a molten-salt bath made of NaCl-KCl. 

TiOj + 4CI2 + 2C — TiCl + CO (with rutile and titania-rich slags). 

Titania slag Dry chlorine Titanium Magnesium Sodium Titanium 

Hunter process. As initiaUy practiced at General Electric (GE) in 1910 by Mathew A. Hunter, the Hunter process reacted titanium tetrachloride with elemental sodium in an inert-gas atmosphere in a sealed steel retort at a temperature of about 900 C. Titanium sponge and molten sodium chloride are formed upon completion of the reaction  

---

Fig. 5. Vacuum-distilled titanium sponge produced by magnesium reduction at Teledyne Wah Chang (Albany, Oregon).

Table 5. Comparison of ASTM Specifications for Titanium Sponge, Wt % on a Dry Basis...

ASTM Standard Specification for Titanium Sponge, ANSI—ASTM B265-74. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., 1981. 

Direct synthesis from nitrogen and finely divided titanium metal can be achieved at temperatures of >ca 1200° C (4). Typically, titanium sponge or powder is heated in an ammonia- or nitrogen-filled furnace and the product is subsequently milled and classified. 

Titanium Tetrafluoride. Titanium tetrafluoride [7783-63-3] is a white hygroscopic soHd, density 2798 kg/m, that sublimes at 284°C. The properties suggest that it is a fluorine-bridged polymer in which the titanium is six-coordinate. The preferred method of preparation is by direct fluorination of titanium sponge at 200°C in a flow system. At this temperature, the product is sufficiently volatile that it does not protect the unreacted sponge and the reaction proceeds to completion. The reaction of titanium tetrachloride with cooled, anhydrous, Hquid hydrogen fluoride may be used if pure hydrogen fluoride is available. 

Titanium Phosphides. The titanium phosphides (154) include Ti P [12037-66-0], Ti P, and TiP (163). Titanium monophosphide [12037-65-9] TiP, can be prepared by beating phosphine with titanium tetrachloride or titanium sponge. Alternatively, titanium metal may be heated with phosphoms ia a sealed tube. The gray metallic TiP is slightly phosphoms-deficient (TiPQ has a density of 408(0) kg/m, and displays considerable... 

Titanium sponge is separated from sodium chloride and excess sodium by leaching with water. 

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in yeast, 26 451—452 Double-stranded RNA viruses, 3 135 Double-suction pumps, 21 60, 63 Double tipping pan vacuum filter, 11 352 Double titration method, 15 145 Double vacuum-arc remelting (VAR), in titanium sponge consolidation, 24 854 Double wall nanotubes (DWNT), 26 737 Double-wall tanks, 24 296 Doubly smart block copolymers,... 

Titanium pyrophosphate, 25 57 Titanium sesquioxide, 25 14 Titanium sesquisulfide, 25 58 Titanium silicates, 25 56, 102 Titanium silicides, 25 55—56 Titanium—silicon alloy, 22 520 Titanium silicon compounds, 25 55—56 Titanium slag, 19 388, 389 Titanium sponge... 

Titanium sponge granules or Titanium sponge powders 2878... 

Salts, sawdust, scrap metals, shales, silicates, soda ash, sodium chloride, sodium compounds, sodium cyanide, sponge iron, steel turnings, stone wool, sugar, sulfur Teas, tin, titanium sponge, turnings Urea, urea formaldehyde Vanadium, vermiculite, vitamins Waxes, welding powder, wood dust, wood shavings Yeast (dry)... 

In this connection an urgent problem in production of titanium sponge and powders is the all-round regular study of process of hydrogenation in powders of titanium, obtained in different ways. 

---