Ruthenium salt

Pyridazines form complexes with iodine, iodine monochloride, bromine, nickel(II) ethyl xanthate, iron carbonyls, iron carbonyl and triphenylphosphine, boron trihalides, silver salts, mercury(I) salts, iridium and ruthenium salts, chromium carbonyl and transition metals, and pentammine complexes of osmium(II) and osmium(III) (79ACS(A)125). Pyridazine N- oxide and its methyl and phenyl substituted derivatives form copper complexes (78TL1979). 

Despite the previous comments there are dangerous forms of this metal. Thus, the Ru-Zn alloy, when treated by hydrochloric acid leads to zinc dissolving into a very porous ruthenium, which detonates in air spontaneousiy. The same goes for ruthenium, which is obtained by reduction of its salts by sodium borohydride. It is recommended to reduce ruthenium salts using hydrazine, which is reputed to be not dangerous . However, with ruthenium trichioride this reaction seems to be not dangerous only when hydrazine has a very low molar ratio (0.9 mol per cent). If it is not the case, a huge volume of gas could constitute an important pressure risk. 

Use of borohydride solutions to reduce ruthenium salt solutions to the metal or an alloy gave solid products (possibly hydrides), which when dry, exploded violently in contact with water or when disturbed by a spatula. Hydrazine appears to be a safe reducant for ruthenium salt solutions. 

Sodium tetrahydroborate See Sodium tetrahydroborate Ruthenium salts... 

The metal-catalysed autoxidation of alkenes to produce ketones (Wacker reaction) is promoted by the presence of quaternary ammonium salts [14]. For example, using copper(II) chloride and palladium(II) chloride in benzene in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, 1-decene is converted into 2-decanone (73%), 1,7-octadiene into 2,7-octadione (77%) and vinylcyclohexane into cyclo-hexylethanone (22%). Benzyltriethylammonium chloride and tetra-n-butylammo-nium hydrogen sulphate are ineffective catalysts. It has been suggested that the process is not micellar, although the catalysts have the characteristics of those which produce micelles. The Wacker reaction is also catalysed by rhodium and ruthenium salts in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt. Generally, however, the yields are lower than those obtained using the palladium catalyst and, frequently, several oxidation products are obtained from each reaction [15]. 

In fact, in an early study of catalysis by ruthenium salts of... 

Ammino-derivatives of ruthenium salts are of two classes, namely, those formed by the addition of ammonia to simple ruthenium salts, and those formed where ruthenium, ammonia, and nitroso-group constitute the basic radicle. The first class is small, the second contains a series of derivatives comparable with the ammino-derivatives of platinum. 

In 1907 Werner 1 confirmed Joly s views that the substances contain a nitroso-group, and regarded them as derived from tetravalent ruthenium. They are hydroxo-nitroso-tetrammino-ruthenium salts of general TOH. n... 

Hydroxo-nitroso-tetrammino-ruthenium Salts. Hydroxo-nitroso-tetrammino-ruthenium Bromide,1... 

These hydroxo-salts are all sulphur-yellow crystalline substances. The acid residues are hydrolysable and hence outside the co-ordination complex, and the aqueous solutions, unlike the hydroxo-salts of chromium-and cobalt-ammines, are neutral to litmus, a fact which Werner suggests is due to the smaller tendency of the hydroxo-radicle attached to ruthenium to combine with hydrogen ions. This tendency is much less than in the case of the ammines of cobalt and chromium, but that it still exists is indicated by the increased solubility of these hydroxo-compounds in water acidified with mineral acids, and from such solutions aquo-nitroso-tetrammino-ruthenium salts are obtained thus ... 

Acido - nitr os o - tetr am mino -ruthenium Salts. 

Aquo-ruthenium salts, therefore, cannot be washed with alcohol or water, as both reagents cause hydrolysis. They may, however, be washed with absolute ether or with acetone without causing any change. Like all aquo-ammino-metallic salts, these compounds may be caused to lose water, passing thereby into aeido-tetrammino-salts, where one acidic radicle enters the complex thus ... 

Complex ruthenium salts containing pyridine have been prepared.1 They are very stable, and have been resolved into their optical isomerides. 

Ammino-derivatives of Ruthenium Halides—Derivatives of Ruthenium Salts containing a Nitroso-group—Ammino-derivatives of Rhodium Salts— Ammino-derivatives of Palladium Salts. 

TABLE 1. Summary of Schiff Bases Used to Prepare Ruthenium Salts as Precursors in Preparing Olefin Metathesis Catalysts" ... 

The use of ruthenium salts to produce isocyanates from amines and CO has been patented by Stern and Spector (10). This likely corresponds to the more well-documented palladium (II) chloride reaction which occurs stoichiometric-ally under mild conditions according to Reaction 3 (10, II). 

Hydrogen addition to multiple bonds is catalyzed by certain complex metal salts in solution. This may be described as homogeneous catalysis and, compared to heterogeneous catalysis, is a relatively new development in the area of hydrogenation reactions. Rhodium and ruthenium salts appear to be generally useful catalysts ... 

The reactions of dihydrobilin (1,19-dideoxybiladiene-a, c) with transition metals are strongly influenced by the nature of the metal ion. Thus with Mn(OAc)3 or FeClj the corresponding metallocorrolates have been obtained in high yield, in the presence of chromium or ruthenium salts the reaction product isolated has been the metal free macrocycle, while coordination of rhodium requires the presence of an axial ligand such as a phosphine, arsine or amine [21]. Neutral pentacoordinated rhodium complexes have thus been obtained. Although analysis of the electronic spectra of the reaction mixtures demonstrated that cyclization of the open-chain precursor and formation of metallocorrolates occur even in the absence of extra ligands, no axially unsubstituted rhodium derivative has been reported. 

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