Salt: A World History

Kurlansky, Mark. Salt A World History. New York Walker and Company, 2002. 

A slightly different approach will be found in Mark Kurlansky s fascinating book Salt A World History, Walker Publishing Company, New York, 2002, which is more than a popular science book, and will be enjoyed as well as being informative. 

Kurlansky, Mark. Salt A World History. New York Walker, 2002. Explores salt s role as a food preservative and its place in culture, economics, and the military. 

The reports were that water condensed from the vapor phase into 10-100-/im quartz or pyrex capillaries had physical properties distinctly different from those of bulk liquid water. Confirmations came from a variety of laboratories around the world (see the August 1971 issue of Journal of Colloid Interface Science), and it was proposed that a new phase of water had been found many called this water polywater rather than the original Deijaguin term, anomalous water. There were confirming theoretical calculations (see Refs. 121, 122) Eventually, however, it was determined that the micro-amoimts of water that could be isolated from small capillaries was always contaminated by salts and other impurities leached from the walls. The nonexistence of anomalous or poly water as a new, pure phase of water was acknowledged in 1974 by Deijaguin and co-workers [123]. There is a mass of fascinating anecdotal history omitted here for lack of space but told very well by Frank [124]. 

Despite the relatively short history of LES fire modeling, the accuracy of LES technique in fire simulation has been studied extensively. Early validation of FDS predecessors was performed by comparing simulations against salt water experiments [21-23], fire plumes [24,25], and room fires [26], More recently, the FDS model has been validated for fire plumes [27] and fires in enclosures in the context of the World Trade Center investigation [28,29] and the fire model validation project sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission [30], Some of the above cases and numerous others have been collected to the Validation guide of FDS [4, Vol 3] (not yet published as a separate document). 

The ancient history of Indian chemical technology mostly concerns the production of small amounts of material in many different places. However, in the case of iron, as shown above, the ability to cast larger objects was not exceeded elsewhere in the world. Exports in early times included salt, sugar, and some metal products. Under the British during the nineteenth century, both a development of and a decline in industrial chemistry took place. Only after the departure of the British did the chemical industry reaUy begin to flourish in India. 

By the evaporation of large inland seas or land-locked lakes of large drainage basins in geologic history, extensive subterranean deposits of sodium chloride and other salts in layers of cumulative thickness as great as 400 m have been laid down in many parts of the world. Deposits in well-consolidated strata and less than 500-600 m below the surface are usually economic to work by conventional mining techniques. In Canada, these accessible deposits amount to about 74% of the total and in the U.S.A., about 35% of the total [1, 2]. 

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