Salt history

Vanadate, dioxybis(oxamato)-bond-length ratios, 1,57 Vanadate, heptacyano-potassium salt structure, I, 72 Vanadate, hexafluoro-dipotassium salt history, I, 21 potassium salt history, 1,21 tripotassium salt history, 1,21 Vanadate, pentachloro-stereochemistry, 1,40 Vanadate, pentafluorooxy-stereochemistry, I, 50 Vanadates biochemistry, 3,456 calcium/magnesium ATPase inhibition, 6, 567 competition with phosphates physiology, 6,665 protonation, 3,1026 sodium pump, 6, 557 in uranium purification from ore, 6, 899 Vanadates, hexafluoro-, 3. 482,531 Vanadates, oxoperoxo-, 3,501 Vanadates, pentacarbonyl-, 3, 457 Vanadium biology, 6,665 determination, 1. 548 extraction... 

Kurlansky, Mark. Salt A World Hi tory. New York Walker, 2002. Salt. History for Kids. 

International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorder (ICCIDD). (2007). History of Salt lodization (Online). Available from http //iccidd.server293.com/pages/protecting-children/fortifying-salt/history-of-salt-iodization.php Accessed on July 7, 2007. 

Vanadate, dioxybis(oxaraato)-bond-length ratios, 57 Vanadate, heptacyano-potassium salt structure, 72 Vanadate, hexafluoro-dipotassium salt history, 21 potassium salt history, 21 tripotassium salt history, 21... 

The reports were that water condensed from the vapor phase into 10-100-/im quartz or pyrex capillaries had physical properties distinctly different from those of bulk liquid water. Confirmations came from a variety of laboratories around the world (see the August 1971 issue of Journal of Colloid Interface Science), and it was proposed that a new phase of water had been found many called this water polywater rather than the original Deijaguin term, anomalous water. There were confirming theoretical calculations (see Refs. 121, 122) Eventually, however, it was determined that the micro-amoimts of water that could be isolated from small capillaries was always contaminated by salts and other impurities leached from the walls. The nonexistence of anomalous or poly water as a new, pure phase of water was acknowledged in 1974 by Deijaguin and co-workers [123]. There is a mass of fascinating anecdotal history omitted here for lack of space but told very well by Frank [124]. 

Preparation and properties of nitronium salts The first preparation of a nitronium salt by Hantzsch, who isolated the perchlorate mixed with hydroxonium perchlorate, and some of the subsequent history of these salts has already been recounted ( 2.3.1). 

Scopolamine (42), an optically active, viscous Hquid, also isolated from Solanaceae, eg. Datura metell. decomposes on standing and is thus usually both used and stored as its hydrobromide salt. The salt is employed as a sedative or, less commonly, as a prophylactic for motion sickness. It also has some history of use ia conjunction with narcotics as it appears to enhance their analgesic effects. BiogeneticaHy, scopolamine is clearly an oxidation product of atropiae, or, more precisely, because it is optically active, of (—)-hyoscyamiae. 

The pomegranate alkaloids, pelletierine (46) and pseudopelletierine (48) as well as minor accompanying bases, have a long history as salts of tannic acid as an anthelmintic mixture for intestinal pinworms (see Antiparasitic AGENTS, ANTHELMINTICS). The alkaloids themselves (as the taimates) are obtained from pomegranate tree (Punkagranatum L.) root bark and are among the few bases named after an individual (P. J. Pelletier) rather than a plant. 

Finally, the importance of quinolinium salts to dye chemistry accounts for the long, productive history of their synthesis. The reaction of A/-methylformanihde with ketones, aldehydes, ketone enamines, or enol acetates in phosphoryl chloride leads to high yields of /V-methylquinolinium salts (60). 

Rosenthal, M.W., Kasten, P.R., and Briggs, R.B., Molten-salt reactors—history, status and potential, Nucl. Appl. Tech., 1970, 8, 107 117. 

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