Salmonella serotypes

Anonymous (2002) Multistate outbreaks of Salmonella serotype Poona infections associated with eating cantaloupe from Mexico - United States and Canada, 2000-2002 . MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports, 51, 1044—1047. 

Salmonellae were frequently isolated from raw material prior to the ATD process but none from the digested sludge. It is however of particular interest to follow the elimination of Salmonellae from the digested material. For this reason a separate experiment including artificial inoculation with several Salmonella serotypes was performed. 

The PE fimbriae, encoded by the pefBACD operon contained on the virulence plasmid pSLT, has been found in only four Salmonella serotypes, S. typhimurium, S. choleraesuis, S. paratyphi, and S. enteritidis (Baumler etal, 1997). The PE fimbria has been demonstrated to mediate adherence to the... 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2008). Outbreak of salmonella serotype Saintpaul infections associated with multiple raw produce items—United States, 2008. 

CDC, in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Serotype Typhimurium—United States, 1996. MMWR Morbid. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 46 308 (1997). 

The Core. Core oligosaccharides are structurally less diverse than O-chains. The core oligosaccharide shown in Figure 1 is common to many or all Salmonella serotypes. Distinct core types have been... 

The disaccharide epitope a-Tyv-(l —>3)-a-o- Man present in the D1 Salmonella serotype was synthesized as the pentenyl glycoside. The tyvelose donor 138 was prepared from ethyl l-thio-p-o-mannopyranoside 137 employing a single dideoxygenation step (Scheme 40). Glycosylation of 138 with the mannopyranosyl... 

Once Salmonella invade the intestinal barrier, the bacteria encounter host immune cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, which engulf the bacteria (Fields et al., 1986 McCormick et al., 1993) (Fig. 5.1). Salmonella serotypes capable of causing gastroenteritis are killed by host macrophages, and effectively cleared by the immune system. Invasion of M cells and intestinal epithelial cells induces a pro-inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa (Fig. 5.1a). A combination of inflammatory cytokine production, neutrophil infiltration and fluid and electrolyte secretion by the epithelium results in the diarrhea associated with gastrointestinal enteritis (Fig. 5.1a). 

CDC (2000) Report. Food borne outbreak response and surveillance unit, http //www.cdc.gov/foodborneout-breaks/us outb/fbo2000/bacterial00.htm). In Cook, K.A. et at. (1998) Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Hartford infections associated with unpasteurized orange juice. Journal of the American Medical Association 280, 1 504-1 509. 

Villar RG, Macek MD, Simons S, Hayes PS, Goldoft MJ, Lewis JH, Rowan LL, Hursh D, Patnode M, Mead PS. Investigation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in Washington State. JAMA 1999 281(19) 1811-16. 

The evolution of specific Salmonella serotypes in intensive animal husbandry and subsequently in humans has been observed over the last three decades. The most recent epidemic was caused by S. enteritidis, which peaked in humans in 1992 in many European countries. Its current slight decline sets the scene for re-emergence of S. typhimurium as - epidemiologically - the most important serotype in human salmonellosis. 

Specific Salmonella serotypes produce characteristic human disease. For example S. enterica serotypes Typhimurium or Enteri-tidis causes gastroenteritis, whereas serotypes Typhi or Paratyphi causes enteric fever. Clinical manifestations produced by Salmonella serotypes commonly include acute gastroeuteritis (euterocolitis), bacteremia, extraiutestiual locahzed iufectiou, euteric fever (typhoid aud paratyphoid fever), aud a chrouic carrier state. 

There is decreasing incidence in rates of salmonellosis in the United States. Foodborne outbreaks of enteric fever are rare, and a small number of cases often are associated with international travel, especially to developing countries. The most common Salmonella serotypes are Typhimurium and Enteritidis, accounting for approximately 50% of isolates from patients. The overall downward trend in rates of salmonellosis is believed to be due to the improved foodhandling practices and water treatment. 

Hosek G, Leschinsky D, Irons S, Safranek TJ. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium—United States, 1996. JAMA 1997 277 1513. 

Salmonella Serotype Typhimurium Outbreak Associated with Commercially Processed Egg... 

Laboratory diagnosis is based on stool culture and isolation of salmonella serotype. Blood culture may be also positive in bacteremic phase. For typhoid fever, the Widal test is used to measure antibodies against O and H antigens S. Typhi. 

Keywords Salmonellosis Salmonella infection typhoid fever enterobac-teriaceae Salmonella serotypes Salmonella serovars Salmonella enterica... 

Quintavalla, S., Larini, S., Mutti, P, and Barbuti, S. 2001. Evaluation of the thermal resistance of different Salmonella serotypes in pork meat containing curing additives. International Journal of Food Microbiology 67 107-114. 

Krause, G., Terzagian, R., and Hammond, R. 2001. Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Anatum infection associated with un-pasteurized orange juice. South Med. J. 94, 1168-1172. 

The Salmonella germ is actually a group of bacteria that can cause diarrheal illness in humans. They are microscopic living creatures that pass from the feces of people or animals, to other people or other animals. There are many different kinds of Salmonella bacteria. Salmonella serotype Typhimurium and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis are the most common in the United States. Salmonella has been known to cause illness for over 100 years. They were discovered by a American scientist named Salmon, for whom they are named. 

A1 Tarazi and Alshawabkeh (2003) reported that a mixture of dietary formie and propionic acids (total concentration 2% or more in the diet) for of newly hatehed infected layer chicks significantly decreased the crop and caecal population of Salmonella pullorum and reduced mortality. Iba and Berchieri (1995) carried out experiments on the antibacterial effects of a commercial formic acid-propionic acid mixture against different salmonella serotypes, using a dosage of 0.2% in diets. After 28 days of storage, the bactericidal effect in feed was still considerable. Chickens reared on the treated feed that had been artificially contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium showed no contamination in caecal contents. 

Aljarallah, K. M., Adams, M. R. (2007). Mechanisms of heat inactivation in Salmonella serotype Typhimurium as affected by low water activity at different temperatures. Journal... 

Salmonella serotype Isolations from man 1973-1975 Isolations from food and feed 1973- -1974 ... 

Kedzierska, B., Mikulaszek, E., and Pogonowska-Goldhar, J., 1968, Immunochemical studies on Salmonella serotype 48. III. N-Acetyl-neuraminic acid as an immunodominant sugar in S. dahlem, Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci., Ser. Sci. Biol. 16 673. 

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