Salmonella reaction

In addition to these microorganisms, three other types are readily destroyed Enteric vegetative bacteria (Eberthella, Shigella, Salmonella and Vibrio species) Worms such as the block flukes (Schistosoma, species) Viruses (for example, the virus of infectious hepatitis). Each of these groups of organisms differs in its reaction with chlorine. 

Waage, A. S. Vardund, T. Lund, V. Kapperud, G. Detection of low numbers of Salmonella in environmental water, sewage and food samples by a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. J. Appl. Microbiol. 1999, 87, 418 128. 

Fur has a regulatory influence on the acid-shock response in E. coli and Salmonella. The acid-response reactions are important for the cells to survive when they pass the acidic gut. In Salmonella, a Fur-dependent, but iron-independent, regulation of acid-response genes is observed. Certain point mutations of Fur (e.g. H90R) do not respond to iron, but are able to regulate an acid-response gene (Foster, 2000). Unfortunately, the functions of the Fur-dependent gene products in acid response are not known. 

IV-acyloxy-iV-alkoxyamides, biological activity, 97-115 anticancer activity of, 115 mutagenicity of, in Ames Salmonella/ microsome assay, 97-115 IV-acyloxy-iV-alkoxyamides, chemical reactivity, 59-96 factors contributing, 59-60 nucleophilic substitution reactions, see Nucleophilic substitution reactions solvolysis studies, see Solvolysis... 

These circumstances became apparent to the authors when they attempted to study the formation of KDO 8-phosphate as catalyzed by purified bacterial extracts. These extracts did not catalyze the formation of KDO 8-phosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate, but required D-arabinose 5-phosphate as the substrate Heath and Ghalambor29 showed that the KDO 8-phosphate synthetase reaction, observed in Pseudomonas extracts by Levin and Racker, is also catalyzed by extracts from Escherichia coli strains 0 111 B4 and J-5. Rick and Osborn136 showed that the KDO 8-phosphate synthetase from a Salmonella typhimurium mutant conditionally defective in cell-wall synthesis had a KM of 6 mM as compared to a KM of 170 pM for the enzyme from wild-type cells. 

A disposable electrochemical enzyme-amplified genosensor was described for specific detection of Salmonella (Del Giallo et al., 2005). A DNA probe specific for Salmonella was immobilized onto screen-printed carbon electrodes and allowed to hybridize with a biotinylated PCR-amplified product of Salmonella. The hybridization reaction was detected using streptavidin conjugated-AP where the enzyme catalyzed the conversion of electroinactive a-naphthyl phosphate to electroactive a-naphthol, which was detected by differential pulse voltammetry. 

Trkov, M., Majerikova, 1., Jerasek, B., Stefanovicova, A., Rijpens, N., and Kuchta, T. (1999). Detection of Salmonella in food over 30 h using enrichment and polymerase chain reaction. Food Microbiol. 16,393 99. 

One of the most impressive findings has been the discovery of lipid intermediates in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides (see Refs. 2 and 465.) At least two structurally different types of these compounds exist the intermediate may be an isoprenoid alcohol ester of the glycosyl pyrophosphate or the analogous derivative of the glycosyl phosphate. Derivatives of the first type are formed by reaction between the sugar nucleotide and the alcohol phosphate, for example, undecaprenyl phosphate (120), which participates in the biosynthesis of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide.466... 

De Leacy, E. A., Brown, N.N. Clague, A.E. (1989) Nitromethane interferes in assay of creatinine by the Jaffe reaction. Clin. Chem., 35, 1772-1774 Dellarco, VL. Prival, M.J. (1989) Mutagenicity of nitro compounds in Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of flavin mononucleotide in a preincubation assay. Environ, mol. Mutag., 13, 116-127... 

Weigel, N. Kukuruzinska, M.A. Nakazawa, A. Waygood, E.B. Roseman, S. Sugar transport by the bacterial phosphotransferase system. Phosphoryl transfer reactions catalyzed by enzyme I of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Biol. Chem., 257, 14477-14491 (1982)... 

The related Lossen reaction was used in studies on the core of a Salmonella lipopolysaccharide.105 Aldehyde groups formed on periodate oxidation were oxidized to carboxylic acid groups, these were esterified, the esters were treated with hydroxylamine, and the products finally subjected to the Lossen reaction by treatment with a water-soluble carbodiimide. 

Bacterial polysaccharides frequently contain D-ribofuranosyl residues as components of their polymeric chains. D-Ribulose S-phosphate was shown to serve as a precursor for the D-ribofuranosyl units in Salmonella T1 antigen,224 but details of the enzymic reactions and the nature of the activated... 

The structures of polyprenyl diphosphate-linked intermediates of Salmonella O-specific-polysaccharide biosynthesis were confirmed by chemical synthesis of their analogs derived from the plant polyprenols ficaprenol and moraprenol (structurally related to bacterial polyprenol57) with the following study of their behavior as substrates of enzymic reactions. Synthetic polyprenyl a-D-galactopyranosyl diphosphate291,292 was found to serve as an effective acceptor for the transfer of L-rhamnosyl groups.293"295 Two synthetic, isomeric disaccharide derivatives,292 13 and296 14, were tested as acceptors for enzymic D-mannosyl transfer from GDP-Man, but only the former was found to be an efficient substrate.294... 

Incorporation of abequosyl side-chains in O-specific polysaccharides (12) of Salmonella serogroup B occurs at the stage of repeating-unit assembly. The polyprenyl trisaccharide diphosphate 16a serves as an acceptor for abequosyl transfer from its CDP derivative.83,307 A similar reaction was demonstrated with an enzyme preparation from Citrobacter.290 Polymerases from S. typhimurium83,308 and S. bredeney286 were able to act on the derivatives of linear trisaccharide 16a, but, in the former case, the efficiency of... 

Preparation of modified, bacterial polysaccharides having monosaccharide analogs inserted into the polymeric chain is of interest for study of the structure-properties relationship in these biopolymers. Incorporation of chemically prepared, modified, biosynthetic precursors of the polymers in enzymic reactions seems a promising approach for achieving this aim. Such an approach, which may be termed chemical-enzymic synthesis, has now been studied by our group,439-441 using O-specific polysaccharides (10-12) of Salmonella serogroups B and E as an example. 

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