Vibrio species

In addition to these microorganisms, three other types are readily destroyed Enteric vegetative bacteria (Eberthella, Shigella, Salmonella and Vibrio species) Worms such as the block flukes (Schistosoma, species) Viruses (for example, the virus of infectious hepatitis). Each of these groups of organisms differs in its reaction with chlorine. 

Figure 6.2 Whole-cell MALDI-TOF spectra of two Vibrio species taken using a modern TOF mass spectrometer. Even in the linear mode V. parahaemolyticus can be easily differentiated from V. vulnificus.

Wang Y, Leung PC, Qian P, Gu J-D (2006) Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of environmental isolates of Vibrio species from Mai Po Nature Reserve, Hong Kong. Ecotoxicol 15 371-378... 

The increased incidence of food-borne diseases from shellfish contaminated with Vibrio species have brought forward renewed interest in irradiation of shellfish and other seafood. Results are very promising for clams and oysters without killing the molluscs [65]. The radiation decimal reduction dose (Dio) determined for Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype El Tor inoculated into various molluscs was 0.14 kGy [66]. Similar radiation sensitivity of this organism was found in inoculated fish fillets and shrimp tails [67]. The radiation dose to eliminate as high as 10 CFU/g Vibrio spp. in oysters was 1.2 kGy [68]. The radiation Dio value for V. cholerae 01 biotype El Tor in marine snails was 0.11 kGy [69]. 

Oclarit, J. M., Okada, H., Ohta, S., Kaminura, K., Yamaoka, Y., Lizuka, T., Miyashiro, S., and Ikegami, S., Anti-bacillus substance in the marine sponge, Hyatella species, produced by an associated Vibrio species bacterium, Microbios, 78, 7, 1994. 

Hurricane Katrina made landfall on August 29, 2005, with major impact on the U.S. Gulf Coast. The risk for illness related to infectious diseases became a major public health concern. The findings in this case study describe illnesses caused by Vibrio species, including... 

Four persons were reported with non-wound associated Vibrio infections (2 in Mississippi, 1 in Louisiana, and 1 displaced from Louisiana to Arizona). Information on the Vibrio species and clinical illness was available for two of these patients the species were nontoxigenic V. cholerae isolated from patients with gastroenteritis. One of the infections occurred in a 2-month-old boy with diarrhea whose stool culture yielded both Salmonella group C2 and V. cholerae non-01, non-0139. 

AHLs are found only in Gram-negative bacteria, whereas AI-2 regulates phenotypes in genera as diverse as the firmicute B. subtilis and the y-proteobacterium V. harveyi. As a result, AI-2 has been proposed to be involved in interspecies communication (23). Homologues of LuxQ have only been found in Vibrio species. Therefore, it can be assumed that sensing of AI-2 occurs in a different way in other species. For example, in E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium, AI-2 is imported into... 

G. M., and FaU R. (1995) Marine Vibrio species produce the volatile organic-compound acetone. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 44-47. 

Thus the following pathways have been demonstrated in a Vibrio species (167) ... 

Up to now, enzymatic isomerization has been evidenced mainly in Pseudomonas and Vibrio species. The fact that such an adaptation system was found in these organisms explains their wide occurrence in all niches of a great number of ecosystems, comprising soil, human skin, and water, also in comparison with other Gram-negative bacteria or species lacking such adaptation. 

The only published information on a microbial involvement in the production of this compound is in a 2005 PCT International Application filed by Hill etal claiming production of Kahalalide F and other derivatives from a Vibrio species isolated from Bryopsis and also E. rufesens, implying that the invertebrate obtains the producing microbe from the alga and then maintains the microbe(s) as symbionts. Thus there is a potential... 

The heme c nitrite reductase was isolated from anaerobes or facultative anaerobes like Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (ATCC 27774) [128], Wolinella suc-cinogenes [129], Escherichia coli [130], two Vibrio species [131,132] and Sulfurospirillum deleyianum [133]. In D. desulfuricans (ATCC 27774), W. succi-nogenes and S.deleyianum the enzyme is membrane-bound, and in the other cases it was isolated from the soluble fraction. 

E. coU cells in a capillary tube can also be powered by an external voltage. In alkalophilic strains of Bacillus and some Vibrio species a sodium ion gradient will substitute. Several hundred protons or Na+ ions must pass through the motor per revolution. Some estimates, based on energy balance, are over 1000. However, Na+-dependent rotation at velocities of up to 1700 Hz has been reported for the polar flagellum of Vibrio alginolyticus. It is difficult to understand how the bacterium could support the flow of 1000 Na+ per revolution to drive the flagellum. ... 

Fructose occurs rarely in the bacterial polysaccharide. It has been found in the LPS of several Vibrio species [108] and in the K4 [109] and Kll [110] capsular antigens of Escherichia coli. In all cases, fructose appears as a terminal residue. In several plant species, fructans consisting of p-D-fructofuranosyl units are present as important storage polymers. The structure of the polysaccharide isolated from B. caryophylli is different from those of the above polysaccharides however, as levan can be isolated as bacterial exopolysaccharides, this polysaccharide may be a side-product of levan biosynthesis. 

Vibrio species are difficult to isolate from natural sources as they tend to be present with coliforms, which outgrow them on many media. Several selective media are available, including DCLS Agar which contains sodium desoxycholate, lactose, sucrose, and the indicator Neutral Red, the desoxycholate suppressing the growth of coliforms. Cholera medium works in a similar manner, in that high levels of ox bile are used to suppress the growth of the normal gut flora. 

Bassler, B. and Silverman, M. R. (Eds.) (1995) Two component Signal Transduction. Intercellular communication in marine Vibrio species density-dependent regulation of the expression of bioluminescence, ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp. 431 144. 

Figure 15.8. Whole-cell MALDI-TOF spectra of two different Vibrio species. (Reproduced from ref. 32 by permission of Wiley-Interscience, copyright 2006.)...

In some Vibrio species, bacterial luciferase catalyzes the flavin-mediated oxidation of tetradecanal with concomitant emission of blue-green light. The genes responsible for reactions of the fatty acid reductase complex lux genes) have been cloned and their functions identified. One novel concept for the enumeration and identification of microorganisms requires the introduction of the lux genes into the... 

GOMEZ-GIL B, HERRERA-VEGA M A, ABREU-GROBOIS F A, and ROQUE A (1998) Bioencap-sulation of two different Vibrio species in nauplii of the brine shrimp Anemia franciscana), Appl Environ Microbiol, 64,2318-2322. 

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