Jaffe reaction

High concentrations of cefoxitin (greater than 100 mcg/mL) may interfere with measurement of creatinine levels by the Jaffe reaction and produce false results. Cefotetan may also affect these measurements. 

De Leacy, E. A., Brown, N.N. Clague, A.E. (1989) Nitromethane interferes in assay of creatinine by the Jaffe reaction. Clin. Chem., 35, 1772-1774 Dellarco, VL. Prival, M.J. (1989) Mutagenicity of nitro compounds in Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of flavin mononucleotide in a preincubation assay. Environ, mol. Mutag., 13, 116-127... 

The creatinine concentration is measured in the sample using routine methods (i.e., the Jaffe reaction). A urine volume equivalent to 0.25 mg creatinine is diluted to 300 pi with deionized water (if the creatinine equivalent exceeds 300 pi, no dilution is made). A 20-pl aliquot of the diluted or undiluted urine is then analyzed following the procedure described above for plasma acylcarnitine analysis (section 3.2.4). The final result is expressed as mmol/mol creatinine. 

Jaffe reaction -for aeatmme [AUTOMATED INSTRUMENTATION - CLINICALCHEMISTRY] (Vol3)... 

Urine and serum samples are analyzed for uric acid (Uricaquant-method), creatinine (Jaffe reaction), sodium and potassium (flame photometry), calcium and magnesium (atom absorption method), and chloride (argentometry) as well as for osmolality. 

Swain RR, Briggs SL. Positive interference with the Jaffe reaction by cephalosporin antibiotics. Clin Chem 1977 23(7) 1340-2. 

Grotsch H, Hajdu P. Interference by the new antibiotic cefpirome and other cephalosporins in clinical laboratory tests, with special regard to the Jaffe reaction. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1987 25(l) 49-52. 

Campins, P. Tortajada, L.A. Meseger, S. Blasco, F. Sevillano, A. Molins, C. Creatinine determination in urine simples by batchwise kinetic procedure and for injection analysis using the Jaffe reaction Chemometric study. Talanta 2001, 55, 1079-1089. 

Measurement of creatinine in semm and urine is routinely performed by photometric methods such as the Jaffe reaction, which is widely accepted and involves the formation of an adduct of creatinine with picric acid in alkaline solution, whose absorbance is measured at 500 nm. However, this method is unspecific and subject to perturbation by many interfering substances from endogenous and exogenous origins. 

E213 Letellier, G. and Desjarlais, F. (1985). Analytical interference of drugs in clinical chemistry II. The interference of three cephalosporins with the determination of serum creatinine concentration by the Jaffe reaction. Clin. Biochem. 18, 352-356. 

Chemical Methods the Jaffe Reaction Most chemical methods for measuring creatinine are primarily based on the reaction with alkaline picrate. In this reaction, first described by Jaffe in 1886, creatinine reacts with picrate ion in an alkaline medium to yield an orange-red complex. Despite considerable literature on the subject, the reaction mechanism and the structure of the product remain unclear. 

Several approaches have been used in an attempt to improve the general specificity of the Jaffe reaction. These have included absorption, and subsequent elution, of creati-... 

Picrate concentration. The Jaffe reaction is pseudo first order with respect to picrate up to 30 mmol/L, with the majority of methods employing a concentration between 3 and 16 mmol/L. At concentrations above 6 mmol/L, the rate of color development becomes nonlinear, so a two-point fixed interval rather than a multiple-data-point approach is required. 

Wavelength. Although the absorbance maximum of the Jaffe reaction is between 490 and 500 nm, improved method linearity and reduced blank values have been reported at other wavelengths, the choice varying with hydroxide concentration. 

BHjenberg BG, Brouwer HJ. The accuracy of creatinine methods based on the Jaffe reaction a question-... 

O Leary N, Pembroke A, Duggan PE. A simplified procedure for eliminating the negative interference of bilirubin in the Jaffe reaction for creatinine. Clin Chem 1992 38 1749-51. 

Several methods may be used for the determination of the serum creatinine concentration, most of wWch are based on the nonspecific Jaffe reaction, a colorimetric method based on the reaction of creatinine with alkaline picrate. This nonspecific method also reacts with noncreatinine chromogens in the serum, which may result in a falsely high Jaffe serum creatinine concentration. The noncreatinine chromogens are not present in the urine in sufficient quantities to interfere... 

Diabetic ketoacidosis may produce increased concentrations of acetoacetate, which serves as a chromophore in the Jaffe reaction, thereby increasing the serum creatinine concentration. Other substances in the serum that affect this reaction include glucose, protein, pyruvate, fructose, uric acid, and ascorbic acid (Table 41-3). In... 

The measurement of creatinine to assess renal function is fraught with technical problems. The reaction described by Jaffe in 1886, and which bears his name, is still widely used for the measurement of creatinine. The Jaffe reaction, however, despite its remarkable longevity, is notoriously nonspecific. The reaction involves the development of a red-colored complex between creatinine and picric acid in alkaline solution. Although the absorbance maximum for the creatinine-picrate... 

In order to use the SIMEX algorithm on this data, an estimate of the measurement variance for creatinine clearance must be obtained. In discussions with clinical chemists, the upper limit of measurement error associated with measuring serum or urine creatinine using the Jaffe Reaction is 5%. Assuming mean 24 hour values for urinary volume, urinary daily creatinine excretion, and serum creatinine of 1000 mL, 1.5 g, and 1.1 mg/dL, respectively, an approximate measurement error variance for creatinine clearance was found to be 60 (mL/min)2. 

Blanks of the third type are the most difficult to handle. Examples are found in the usual Jaffe reaction for creatinine, and in certain enzyme reactions. In the creatinine [.57-00-1/, C4HgN302, assay, if potential interferences are not removed by dialysis or some similar procedure, they exhibit both slower and faster reactions compared to those of creatinine. A two-point analysis can be utilized here with the measurement times selected to be later than the time required for fast-reacting interferences and before the time for significant reaction of slow-reacting interferences. This procedure is utilized in the creatinine assay on many automated chemistry analyzers. 

Kroll, M. H., L. Nealon, M. A. Vogel, and R. J. Elin. 1985. How certain drugs interfere negatively with the Jaffe reaction for creatinine. Clinical Chemistry 31 306-308. 

Injection Analysis Using the Jaffe Reaction. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 315 (1983) 141. 

Syal, K., Srinivasan, A., Baneijee, D., 2013. Streptomycin interference in jaffe reaction -possible false positive creatinine estimation in excessive dose exposure. Chn. Biochem. 46 (1—2), 177—179, The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists, . 

Creatinine can be analyzed in automatic colorimetric analyzers using the Jaffe method, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization, or simultaneously with creatine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE). Enzyme-based methods for both creatine and creatinine are used for colorimetric analyses as well as in biosensors. Creatine can be converted to creatinine to be analyzed by the Jaffe reaction. Eluorescence analyses and methods involving partial least squares (PLS) with ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), or near-infrared (NIR) spectra can also used. 

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