Salicylic acid other

Enter obacter sp., S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and S. mar ce see ns (Rob son et al., 1982). At concentrations exceeding 90%, Dermaide inhibited E. coli, C. albicans, and S. pyogenes. It did not inhibit B. subtilis at any concentration. The aloe vera extract contained 3.6 mg/dL of salicylic acid. Other components, emodin, emolin, and barbaloin are converted to salicylic acid by the Kolbe reaction, perhaps explaining in part the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract (Robson et al., 1982). 

The para isomer is a key intermediate in the Hoechst Celanese process for the manufacture of paracetamol (p-acetaminophenol) [2] the ortho isomer can be used for the synthesis of salicylic acid. Other hydroxyarylketones of commercial importance also result from the Fries rearrangement, e. g. 2,4-dihydroxybenzophe-none, an intermediate in the preparation of UV absorbents [3], and diphenol monomers which can be used for the manufacture of advaneed polymers [4], etc. 

Michotte has suggested that biolt ical oxidation processes in mesenchymal tissues require a balance of C -hydroxysteroids and adrenergic substances, and this is disturbed in rheumatic diseases owing to the failure of the adrenergic component. It is alleged that pyrocatechoic acid (V) may replace this component, restore the physiological imbalance and, consequently, suppress the inflammatory reaction. Adams and Cobb found that neither pyrocatechoic acid nor its diacetyl derivative administered orally inhibits ultra-violet erythema in the guinea-pig. The former compound, administered subcutaneously, reduces vascular permeability in the mouse peritoneum, but the effect is less than that of salicylic acid . Other dihydroxybenzoic acids tested are not active in this system . 

Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) (Other values on Vol.3, p.l86)... 

Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-hutyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl esters of formic, acetic, oxalic, succinic, tartaric, citric, benzoic, salicylic (and other substituted benzoic acids), phthalic and cinnamic acids phenyl esters of acetic, benzoic and salicylic acids. 

One of the hydroxybenzoic acids is known by the common name salicylic acid Its methyl ester methyl salicylate occurs in oil of wintergreen Methyl salicylate boils over 50°C lower than either of the other two methyl hydroxybenzoates What is the structure of methyl salicylate Why is its boiling point so much lower than that of either of its regioisomers ... 

Other routes for hydroxybenzaldehydes are the electrolytic or catalytic reduction of hydroxybenzoic acids (65,66) and the electrolytic or catalytic oxidation of cresols (67,68). (see Salicylic acid and related compounds). Sahcylaldehyde is available in drums and bulk quantities. The normal specification is a freezing point minimum of 1.4°C. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is available in fiber dmms, and has a normal specification requirement of a 114°C initial melting point. More refined analytical methods are used where the appHcation requires more stringent specifications. 

In medicine, the internal uses of benzoic acid are relatively unimportant. Its principal medicinal use is external it is used in dermatology as an antiseptic stimulant and irritant. Combined with salicyLic acid [69-72-7] benzoic acid is employed in the treatment of ringworm of the scalp and other skin diseases (Whitfield s ointment). 

Salicyl-u-toluide has been prepared only by the action of phosphorus oxychloride upon a mixture of salicylic acid and o-toluidine. The useful methods of preparation of salicylanilide are by the interaction of salicylic acid and aniline in the presence of phosphorus trichloride, by heating phenyl salicylate and aniline, and from o-hydroxybenzamide and bromobenzene in the presence of small amounts of sodium acetate and metallic copper. A number of these and other anilides have been described. ... 

Hydrolysis of aspirin in H2 0 leads to no incorporation of into the product salicylic acid, ruling out the anhydride as an intermediate and thereby excluding mechanism 1. The general acid catalysis of mechanism III can be ruled out on the basis of failure of other nucleophiles to show evidence for general acid catalysis by the neighboring carboxylic acid group. Because there is no reason to believe hydroxide should be special in this way, mechanism III is eliminated. Thus, mechanism II, general base catalysis of hydroxide-ion attack, is believed to be the correct description of the hydrolysis of aspirin. 

It is likely that the madurastatins are biosynthesized on a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, from salicylic acid as the starter acid. L-Serine is probably the precursor to the aziridine moiety, with epimerization occurring on the enzyme-bound amino acid as found for other nonribosomal peptides, with aziridine formation occurring at a late stage. Compounds 120 and 123 could therefore be biosynthetic precursors to 119 and 122, respectively. 

These chelatoborates are synthesized by reactions of aromatic diols (e.g., pyrocate-chol), hydroxycarboxylic acids (e.g., salicylic acid), or other aromatic OH-... 

Acne medicines may contain ingredients such as salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and sulfur, which remove the top layer of dead skin. They may also contain ingredients that have antibacterial action. Some ingredients reduce sebum production others reduce inflammation. 

Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid. Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid, as are lactic acid, citric acid, and many others. Hydroxy acids are compounds that are both alcohols and acids at the same time. Hydroxy acids are used as chemical peeling agents. Alpha hydroxy acids can make the skin more sensitive to ultraviolet light by removing the skin s protective outer layers. Some alpha hydroxy acids ... 

Salicylic acid is common in foods such as broccoli, peppers, curry, cucumbers, and raisins, among many others. 

Like salicylic acid, it is also used to treat warts, psoriasis, and other skin conditions. 

As the solvent mixture also contained 225 mg of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate per liter at a high water content (75%), the surface of the reverse phase would have been largely covered with the tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate. This would have acted as an adsorbed ion exchange stationary phase. It is clear that the free acids, salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and benzoic acid were retained largely by ionic interactions with adsorbed basic ion exchanger and partly by dispersive interactions with the exposed reversed phase. The acetaminophen and the caffeine, on the other hand, being unionized substances, were retained only by dispersive interactions with the exposed reversed phase. 

P.G. Unna, a German dermatologist, was the first to describe the properties and use of salicylic acid. It has since been used for many decades as a keratolytic agent in concentrations of 3 to 6%. Salicylic acid is frequently utilized in topical acne preparations because of its comed-olytic effects. In addition, it facilitates the penetration of other topical agents. 

Ethanol formulations of salicylic acid (20 and 30%) are used for combination peeling (see salicylic acid section). Trichloroacetic acid is prepared as an aqueous solution, since ethanol solutions do not penetrate the skin. It is prepared by mixing the appropriate concentration of crystals with up to 100 cc of distilled water. Ten and fifteen percent TCA is prepared by mixing 10 or 15 g of crystals in up to 100 cc of total volume, respectively. Aqueous solutions of TCA remain stable for up to 6 months unless contaminated. Other methods have been used to formulate TCA peeling solutions however, the weight/volume methods appear to be the most reliable formulation [5]. Premixed TCA solutions are available from a variety of medical... 

The combination of OH and COgK next to each other suggests salicylic acid (26) as a starting material (guideline 7). Chlorination should occur o, p- to the activating OH group and should predominate for sterlc reasons. This turns out to be correct. 

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