Safety sensitivity

Although active safety is provided by the control systems mentioned above, passive safety is an additional important feature of a distributed plant. Due to the low inventory, even a total release of the reaction volume or an explosion would create no significant impact on the environment [139]. To prevent such scenarios, a total containment of the plant is envisaged it needs to be sealed for life . Hydrogen cyanide synthesis and chlorine point-of-sale manufacture are two examples for safety-sensitive distributed syntheses. 

HRP substrates (Sred) can be selected to give products that can be monitored easily by colorimetric, fiuorometric or chemiluminescent methods. A popular choice in colorimetric assays is 3,3, 5,5 -tetrameth-ylbenzidine (TMB), a colorless substance that gives a blue product (Sox) on oxidation. Important considerations when choosing suitable substrates are cost, safety, sensitivity, solubility, and stability. It is sometimes necessary to use a substrate that gives an insoluble colored product, for example, in histochemical staining or membrane-bound immunoassays. 

As stated previously, the MWT should be considered as one index from a set of indices for a subject or patient. Furthermore, the reason for doing an MWT evaluation is important. If the subject or patient is being evaluated as part of a fit-ness-for-duty examination in connection with a safety-sensitive job, the range of acceptable performance might be narrowed. If the subject or patient is being evaluated to determine whether an experimental intervention has improved ability to remain awake, then the focus may be shifted from average sleep latency to a metric reflective of change from baseline. 

A variety of known sleep disorders have been documented to affect waking function. Sleep apnea is one example that can degrade waking alertness and performance and has been shown to increase risk for car accidents (64,65). Healthy sleep activities could range from informational materials to actual diagnostic screening of individuals in safety-sensitive positions. 

While you are unlikely to experience any physiological effects from eating the poppy seeds on a bagel, they could cost you your job For some safety sensitive jobs, such as nursing and truck-driving, you may be required to take a drug test as part of the interview process. 

In addition to the advantages of safety, sensitivity, and precision of measurement, the cunent approach is unlikely to be complicated by chemical exchange or isotope effects on the metabolism or disposition of /3C in... 

To be certified, the devices, when installed, had to have met Fleet and Life testing to demonstrate satisfactory performance on at least 25 vehicles for 12,000 miles using regular (fully leaded) gasoline. Tests required besides the emission standards included tests for effects of the device on vehicle driveability and safety sensitivity to backfire, water immersion, and mountain driving impacts on noise, odor, and production of nitric oxides and to insure that it was failsafe in the event of malfunctions. In spite of the awesome nature of this challenge. 

Take immediate action to remove a driver from safety-sensitive duties or cause a driver to be removed from these covered duties and... 

Sufficient information about the safety-sensitive functions performed by those drivers to make clear what period of the work day the driver is required to be in compliance with Part 382 ... 

The consequences for drivers foimd to have violated Part 382, Subpart B, including the requirement that the driver be removed immediately from safety-sensitive fimctions, and procediires mder Part 40, Subpart O ... 

The policy must permit the driver to retiim to safety-sensitive functions only upon the successfiil completion of an educational or treatment program, as determined by an alcohol and drug abuse evaluation expert (employee assistance professional, substance abuse professional, qualified alcohol and drug counselor, etc.)... 

The policy must ensure that before a driver returns to safety-sensitive functions he/she undergo a retum-to-duty alcohol test with residts of less than 0.02 and/or a retum-to-duty drug test with a verified negative result. 

The driver must make the admission of alcohol misuse or drug use before performing a safety-sensitive function. 

The driver may not perform a safety-sensitive function until his/her employer is satisfied that he/she has been evaluated and has successfully completed education or treatment requirements in accordance with the self-identification program s guidelines. 

The driver is subject to a minimum of six unannounced foUow-up tests in the first 12 months of safety-sensitive duty following his/her return to safety-sensitive functions. The SAP may require additional follow-up tests during the first 12-month period, and may require additional follow-up tests for an additional 48 months following the first 12-month period. A driver may be subject to follow-up testing for up to 60 months (5 years). 

The employer must carry out the SAP s follow-up testing requirements. The employer may not let a driver continue to perform safety-sensitive functions unless follow-up testing is conducted as directed by the SAP. 

Should the driver change employers or not work in safety-sensitive functions, the requirements of the SAP s follow-up testing plan still apply. 

Follow-up testing for alcohol can only be performed when the driver is performing a safety-sensitive function, or immediately before or after performing a safety-sensitive fimction. 

Before a driver performs any safety-sensitive functions for an employer, the driver must submit to testing for drugs. The employer must receive a negative result from the medical review officer (MRO) or consortium/third party administrator (C/TPA) prior to allowing the driver to drive or perform other safety-sensitive functions. 

The test must be conducted before the driver performs any safety-sensitive functions ... 

The employer must treat all employees performing safety-sensitive functions the same (the employer may not test some employees and not others) ... 

The employee may not perform safety-sensitive fimctions if the test result is 0.04 or more. 

Must an employer check on the drug and alcohol testing record of employees it is intending to use to perform safety-sensitive duties ... 

Days — If possible, the employer must obtain and review this information before the driver performs any safety-sensitive functions. If this is not possible, the employer must obtain and review this information as soon as possible. The information must be placed in the driver investigation history file within 30 days of the date the driver s employment begins. 

However, if the employer has not obtained the information and has not made and documented a good faith effort to obtain the information within 30 days, the driver must be removed from all safety-sensitive functions. 

Refusal to Release Information — If the driver refuses to give written permission to obtain the information, the employer may not allow him/her to perform any safety-sensitive functions. 

Pre-Employment Test Inquiry — The employer must also ask the driver whether he/she has tested positive or refused to test, on any pre-employment test for any employer to which he/she applied for, but did not obtain safety-sensitive transportation work covered by DOT agency drug and alcohol testing rules during the past 2 years. 

If the driver admits to testing positive or refusing a test he/she may not perform any safety-sensitive functions until a successful completion of the return-to-duty process is documented. 

The employer requesting the driver s drug and alcohol information must keep a written, confidential record of all information it receives or of the good faith efibrts made to obtain the information. This information must be kept for 3 years from the date the driver first performs a safety-sensitive function. 

Alcohol misuse that could affect the performance of a safety-sensitive function is prohibited. This includes ... 

Reporting for duty or remaining on duty to perform safety-sensitive functions with an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or greater ... 

Note A driver found to have an alcohol concentration of 0.02 or greater but less than 0.04 may not perform, nor be permitted to perform, safety-sensitive functions for at least 24 hours. 

A supervisor, mechanic, clerk, or other employee who is also a driver and is on call to perform safety-sensitive functions, may be tested at any time they are on call, ready to be dispatched while on duty. 

The employer must ensure that drivers selected for random tests proceed immediately to the testing site upon notification of being selected. If the driver is performing a safety-sensitive function, other than driving a commercial motor vehicle, at the time of notification, the employer must ensure that the driver ceases to perform the safety-sensitive functions and proceeds to the testing site as soon as possible. 

Alcohol Testing — Alcohol testing is authorized only if the observations are made during, just before, or just after the driver performs safety-sensitive functions. The person who makes the determination that reasonable suspicion exists to conduct an alcohol test shall not conduct the alcohol test. 

If reasonable suspicion is observed but a reasonable suspicion test has not yet been administered, a driver shall not perform safety-sensitive functions mtil ... 

An employer must not allow a driver to perform or continue to perform safety-sensitive functions if the driver refuses any of the alcohol or drug tests listed above. 

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