Safety Guideline for Risk Assessment

SEMI SlO-1996. Safety Guideline for Risk Assessment. Mountain View, CA Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International, 1996 www.semi.org. 

Section 6.8.2 of SEMI S2 states that the risks associated with hazards should be characterized using SEMI S10-1103, the Safety Guideline for Risk Assessment and Risk Evaluation Process. Here is the stated purpose of SEMI S10-1103 ... 

Guidelines for Risk Assessment and Safety Statements, Health and Safety Authority, Dublin, January 2006. 

Planas-Cuchi, E., Fasulla, N., Ventosa, A., Casal, J., Explosion of a road tanker containing liquefied natural gas, Joum. Loss Prev. 17(4) (2004) 315-321 Purple Book - TNO Department of Industrial Safety, Guidelines for quantitative risk assessment, CPR18E, Sdu Uitgevers, TTie Hague, 1999... 

A convincing statement is made, as in the following excerpt, about the need, sometimes, to go beyond issued safety standards in the design process and to have decisions on acceptable risk levels be based on risk assessments. This excerpt is taken from Related Information 1— Equipment/Product Safety Program, which is an adjunct to SEMI S2-0706, Environmental, Health, and Safety Guideline for Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment. 

The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Safety Evaluation Report (U.S. NRC, 2014) gives the criteria for risk assessment based on core damage frequency and the time scales for the use of safety and nonsafety systems, as derived from a full-scope Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) analysis (Bhatt and Wachowiak, 2006). This NRC approach states the safety guidelines as follows ... 

In addition to an overview of government regulations, the book introduces the resources of the AICHE Center for Chemical Process Safety library. Guidelines are offered for hazard identification and risk assessment. The book concludes with case histories drawn directly from the authors experience in the field. 

FIG. 23-1 The hazard identification and risk assessment procedure. [Guidelines for Hazards Evaluation Procedures, Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) copyright 1985 AICHE and reproduced with permission. ]... 

General References Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, Second Edition with Worked Examples, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1992 Layer of Protection Analysis A Simplified Risk Assessment Approach, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 2001 ISA TR84.00.02, Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF)—Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Evaluation Techniques, Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society, N.C., 2002. 

In 1993, the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) published Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes (referred to henceforth as Safe Automation). Safe Automation provides guidelines for the application of automation systems used to control and shut down chemical and petrochemical processes. The popularity of one of the hazard and risk analysis methods presented in Safe Automation led to the publication of the 2001 Concept Series book from CCPS, Layer of Protection Analysis A Simplified Risk Assessment Approach. This method builds upon traditional process hazards analysis techniques. It uses a semiquantitative approach to define the required performance for each identified protective system. 

In addition, current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines outline a series of short-term and in vitro tests for the safety assessment of bound residues together with their chemical characterization (5). A study of reversibility of adduct formation is also included and as with the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) recommendation, drugs are investigated in an individual manner. It seems likely that the JECFA and FDA approaches, at least in general terms, will become widely adopted in this particular area of hazard and risk assessment. 

Teachers must ensure that they follow the safety guidelines set down by their employers, and a risk assessment must be completed for any experiment that is carried out. Teachers should draw students attention to the hazards involved in the particular exercise to be performed. 

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