Purple book

A Macromolecular Division of lUPAC was created in 1967, and it created a permanent Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature, parallel to the other nomenclature commissions. The Commission over the years has issued recommendations on basic definitions, stereochemical definitions and notations, stmcture-based nomenclature for regular single-strand organic polymers and regular single-strand and quasisingle-strand inorganic and coordination polymers, source-based nomenclature for copolymers, and abbreviations for polymers. AH of these are coUected in a compendium referred to as the lUPAC Purple Book (99). 

The first recommendations on abbreviations for polymeric substances by the lUPAC Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature were published in 1974 [1], These were incorporated into an expanded list, published in 1986, by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) [2]. The lUPAC recommendations of 1974 and the ISO list of 1986 were published by lUPAC in 1987 [3] and reproduced as Chapter 9 of the first edition of the Purple Book. More recently, ISO published a revised list in 2001 [4] and the present list of abbreviations is derived Irom that list. 

The first, 1991 edition of the Purple Book contained two main sections, namely Definitions, having four chapters, and Nomenclature, having an introduction and five... 

Following this preface are a copy of the preface to the first edition of the Purple Book, a history of the work of the lUPAC Polymer Division on polymer terminology and nomenclature by the past secretaries of the Commission and Sub-committees, and comprehensive lists of members of the several bodies involved in the work (Subcommission (1952-1967), Commission (1968-2001) and Sub-committees (from 2002)). 

We hope that this, new edition of the Purple Book continues the significant contribution to clear and precise communication in polymer science made by its predecessor. 

Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature (the Purple Book ), prepared for publication by W. V. Metanomski, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1991). (This compendium contains 9 chapters that are, in order, reprints of Refs. 6, 14, 19, 20, 8, 17, 18, 21, and 12.)... 

Metanomski WV (1991) Compendium of macromolecular nomenclature (the purple book). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford... 

IUPAC, Compendium ofMacromolecular Terminology and Nomenclature (referred to as The Purple Book), 1st ed., Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 1991 2nd ed., in press. 

The material discussed here is based primarily on A Guide to lUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Recommendations 1993, issued by CNOC, on the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Recommendations 1990 (the Red Book), issued by CNIC, on the Compendium of Macromolecular Chemistry (the Purple Book), issued in 1991 by COMN, and on Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2nd Edition 1992 (the White Book), issued by lUBMB. 

The technical work on developing the GHS was completed in 2001. The technical GHS Document (the Purple Book ) gives the classification criteria and the hazard communication elements, as well as examples of labels and classification of chemicals to illustrate how to apply the criteria. The UN Sub-Committee on the Globally Harmonized System (SCEGHS) will maintain update, and promote the technical GHS Document as well as manage implementation issues. More information about the GHS and the GHS Document is available at the Relevant Websites section. 

Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature, ed. W.V. Metanomski, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1991. (The Purple Book. The second edition is planned for publication in 2005). See also Glossary of Basic Terms in Polymer Science, A.D. Jenkins, P. Kratochvfl, R.F.T. Stepto and U.W. Suter, Pure Appl. Chem., 68, 2287-2311 (1996) Nomenclature of Regular Single-strand Organic Polymers,... 

Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature, ed. W.V. Metanomski, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1991. (The Purple Book. The second edition is planned for publication in 2005). 

As the original timetable was not realized, the so called purple book [7-3] was published in 2003 at the World Summit on Sustainable Development. The decision was made to implement CHS as rapidly as reasonable possible, the latest time for complete implementation to be 2008. 

The GHS is not a regulation. Therefore, compliance with the GHS is voluntary for each country but companies in countries that do not adopt the GHS will be at a disadvantage when doing business internationally. The GHS guidance, also known as The Purple Book, establishes criteria and methods for hazard classification and communication. It provides countries with the regulatory framework to develop or modify existing programs. The data used for classification may be obtained from tests, literature, and practical experience. The main elements of the hazard classification criteria are summarized below. 

Pasman HJ (2011) History of Dutch process equipment failure frequencies and the Purple Book. J Loss Prev Process Ind 24(3) 208-213... 

P.A.M. Uijt de Haag. B. J.M. Ale. 2005. Guideline for quantitative risk assessment (Purple Book). The State Secretary of Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM). 

Table 3 shows the observed distribution of fired and cold BLEVEs of LPG road and rail tankers, obtained from the analysis of several transport accident reports (Planas-Cuchi et al. 2004, CCPS 1994, IChemE 1990). The fraction of fired BLEVEs is of about 0.86 and thus the fraction of cold BLEVEs is of 0.14. By multiplying the fireball probability (0.80 in the Purple Book ) by 0.86 and 0.14, the observational value of, respectively, the fired and cold BLEVEs probabilities are obtained, which... 

Planas-Cuchi, E., Fasulla, N., Ventosa, A., Casal, J., Explosion of a road tanker containing liquefied natural gas, Joum. Loss Prev. 17(4) (2004) 315-321 Purple Book - TNO Department of Industrial Safety, Guidelines for quantitative risk assessment, CPR18E, Sdu Uitgevers, TTie Hague, 1999... 

Frequencies to be used in a risk analysis The failure frequencies for ruptures based on the data analysis, accounting for the statutory one-caU system, differs only sUghtly from the failure frequency as given in the Purple Book (CPR 1999). Therefore new insights confirm the vahdity to use this frequency for current risk analyses. 

An important parameter for determining the impact is the size of the pool of liquid formed on the surface. Therefore the pool depth of 0.05 meters from the Purple Book (CPR 1999) is used. Unfortunately Uttle data... 

The probabdily of death Pd, indicating the proba-bilily of an individual dying from exposure. This individual is assumed to be outdoors and to be unprotected. This parameter, Pd, is used in the calculation of the individual risk IR. (Purple book 1999)... 

Guidelines for quantitative risk assessment. Purple book. 1999. Committee for the Prevention of Disasters (CPR), first print. 

In most quantitative risk analysis methods (Uijt de Haag 2006, purple book 1999), persons present in the hazardous area are assumed to be exposed for a fixed amount of time. Assumptions for fixed exposure times are 30 minutes for a toxic exposure and 20 seconds for exposure to heat radiation. Furthermore, persons are assumed to stay on the same place. The reahty is different in case of an emergency, every person capable of escape will try to rescue himself. In case of a toxic release it is possible that a safe location (for example inside a building) is reached within the prescribed 30 minutes. On the other hand, in case of fire in crowded places, it can be expected that people are unable to escape within 20 seconds. 

In 1992 the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro adopted a mandate to develop GHS and by 2000 the initial system was formed. Designing an international system to classify and label chemicals has been a slow and complicated process and implementation of this system is still in progress. The first edition of GHS appeared in 2003. The document describing GHS is known as The Purple Book and it underwent revisions in 2005, 2007, and 2009. 

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