Safety culture approaches

The following sections explain briefly the development of the safety culture approach, how it works in practice and the type of results it generates. 

The last area addressed by the systems approach is concerned with global issues involving the influence of organizational factors on human error. The major issues in this area are discussed in Chapter 2, Section 7. The two major perspectives that need to be considered as part of an error reduction program are the creation of an appropriate safety culture and the inclusion of human error reduction within safety management policies. 

The CCPS s process safety management system approach that uses risk-based strategies and implementation tactics that are commensurate with the risk-based need for process safety activities, availability of resources, and existing process safety culture to design, correct, and improve process safety management activities. 

Percentage of managers and supervisors trained on the importance of, and approaches to create and reinforce, a sound process safety culture X... 

Emissions, estimation of, 596-598 factors, emission, 597-598 mass balance approach to, 596-597 Employee assessment systems, 938 Employees. See also Staffing and achievement of safety culture, 960 characteristics of, and occupational safety and health, 1159-1160 development of, as outcome of leadership, 852-855... 

Developing an objective approach to risk management is as much about the language we use as it is the processes we put in place. Those who have the authority to undertake a safety assessment have a responsibility to wield that power carefully and shrewdly and this can quickly be undermined when one resorts to emotive and reactive language. This is as true for the language of the safety case as it is in the corridor conversations with colleagues. Those who operate in CRM have a duty to propagate objectivity by example and to communicate in a way that drives a safety culture which is not rash but considered. 

Biggs, H., Dingsdag, D., Sheahan, V.L, Cipolla, D. and Sokolich, L. (2005) Utilising a Safety Culture Management Approach in the Australian Construction Industry [Online]. Available http //eprints.qut.edu.au/ archive/00003797 [20 September 2015]. 

This may be in part reflective of the safety culture programme language of Brand Zero (the engagement approach as explored in Chapter 7), but it also moves away from the numbers, and instead moves back to safety and how safety works on sites, far more har-monistic with the workforces own ways of understanding. 

It is perhaps reassuring to boldly state and accept that safety culture can t be measured, and more fundamentally neither can safety itself. This relieves us of the need to develop ever more complex measures of safety, more convoluted forms and inspection sheets, more detailed policies and procedures, and the bureaucracy that often sits alongside such paper-based approaches that reflect normative concepts of safety culture that don t really work in practice. Instead, this version of safety culture enables us to better prioritise the individual and social aspects that are inherently involved. How people understand safety is important how it is developed, associated and shared by those interacting in the work environment, what they consider significant in their actions and interactions. But we must remain mindful of the fact that this is not something that can be measured either. It is people that contribute and ultimately create the changeable and complicated version of safety culture in practice found on our construction sites. 

However, this did not manage to stop people acting unsafely. Every day I saw that people did not follow the rules, despite inductions and training they still acted unsafely, they still took risks and they still did not always behave with care and concern for everyone else on the site. I sat in training rooms with them on safety culture training programmes, which took a different approach to safety, and I heard the comments afterwards, not to mention the comments before, that they were to lose half a day s pay for this shite. ... 

Although the party and the state has established a safety first, prevention first, comprehensive management of safe production approach to the development of the Mine Safety Act, (Lin 2008) Coal Act, Coal Mine Safety Supervision Ordinance until a series of policies, laws, management departments and business units have done a lot of practical work, have a lot to improve and enhance China s labor protection and production conditions, in order to protect the safety and health of workers in production and construction, safety culture theory, and promoting social production and construction development. However, China s coal enterprises overall understanding of safety culture and the arts and corporate safety culture in construction due to inadequate attention to work-... 

This study goes beyond much of the earlier research and— following the approach of Hunt and Habeck (1993) and Hunt et al. (1993)—seeks to estimate the role of HRM practices in the determination of workers compensation costs in a multivariate framework. It uses a workplace safety model that incorporates a wider variety of HRM practices than has been previously employed. In particular, it analyzes the impact of the three important dimensions of HRM practices on safety employee participation in decision making, employee participation in financial returns, and the firm s management safety culture. In addition, this is the first study to consider file effect of each of these factors on claim frequency and claim severity, and to ask whether any observed change is file result of changes in technical efficiency or moral hazard (principal-agent) incentives. 

Neither the first approach nor the second one is realized in its pure form. Each of them possesses the elements of the other. Nevertheless, proceeding fi om the concept SAFETY CULTURE [14], when developing the advanced RI, it seems necessary to use the approach most based on the inherent safety. 

The BSEE has reviewed the NRC s safety culture policy and believes it provides a strong foundation for a similar approach for oil and gas operations on the OCS... A draft NRC dcxiument is located at www.stbO . com/downloads/NRC-Culture-Draft.pdf. 

Lagging and leading indicators provide little guidance to do with some of the more abstract management elements such as process safety culture and management review. This difficulty is entirely overcome when a management assessment approach is used. 

The third guideline is to develop a tailor-made approach for each country. It is recognized that there are large differences in nuclear practices between the U.S. and Russia. A successful approach should be tailor-made for each country. The U.S. approach should not be applied to Russia without change, and likewise, the Russian approach should not be applied to U.S. without change. There are, however, many common factors in safety culture and practices that will contribute to the success of excess Pu and HEU storage and disposition activities. One should try to identify these common factors and incorporate them in the practices of each country. 

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