SAEs

The classification of motor oils has not been completed in the ISO standard because the technical differences between motors in different parts of the world, particularly Europe and the United States, make the implementation of a single system of classification and specifications very difficult. In practice, different systems coming from national or international organizations are used. The best known is the SAE viscosity classification from the Society of Automotive Engineers, developed in the United States. 

The SAE classification has existed since 1911 and has undergone several revisions. The latest version is designated by the symbol SAE J 300 followed by the date of the latest revision. 

A chart by J. Groff relates the SAE grades, the kinematic viscosity, and the viscosity indices. This correlation is given in Figure 6.1 in the 1994 edition. 

At the beginning of each year, the new version of the SAE Handbook is published for which Volume 3 is entitled ... 

A lubricant should be characterized by its viscosity at low temperature (-18°C) to account for its behavior during cold weather starting and by its viscosity at high temperature (100°C). Values of these two viscosities are based on the SAE classification. See Chapter 6. 

Anon. (1983), Handbook of aviation fuel properties. Coordinating Research Council, report No. 530, Atlanta, GA. Distributed by SAE, Inc., Warrendale, PA,... 

Benson, J.D. et al. (1991), Effects of gasoline sulfur level on mass exhaust emissions . SAE paper No. 91-2323, International fuels and lubricants meeting, Toronto, Ontario. 

Bert, J.A., J.A. Gething, T.J. Hansel, H.K. Newhall, R.J. Peyla and D.A. Voss (1983), A gasoline additive concentrate removes combustion chamber deposits and reduces vehicle octane requirement . SAE paper No. 83-1709, Fuels and Lubricants meeting, San Francisco, CA. 

Damin, B., A. Faure, J. Denis, B. Sillion, P. Claudy and J.M. Letoffe (1986), New additives for diesel fuels cloud point depressents . SAE paper No. 86-1527, International fuels and lubricants meeting and exposition, Philadelphia, PA. 

Glavincevski, B., O.L. Gulder and L. Gardner (1984), Cetane number estimation of diesel fuels from carbon type structural composition . SAE paper No. S4- 34, International fuels and lubricants meeting, Baltimore, MD. 

Hall, D.W. and L.M. Gibbs (1976), Carburetor deposits are clean throttle bodies enough . SAE paper No. 76-0752, Automobile Engineering Meeting, Dearborn, Ml. 

Lowi, A. and W.P.L. Carter (1990), A method lor evaluating the atmosphere ozone impact of actual vehicle emissions . SAE paper No. 90-0710, International congress and exposition, Detroit, MI. 

Martin, B. and P.-H. Bigeard (1992), Hydrotreatment of diesel fuels -its impact on light- duty diesel engine pollutants . SAE paper No. 92-2268, International fuels and lubricants meeting, San Francisco, CA. 

Nelson, O.L., R.W. Krumm, R.S. Fein, D.D. Fuller, G.K. Rightmire and G.E, Ducker (1989), "A broad spectrum, non metallic additive for gasoline and diesel fuels performance in gasoline engines". SAE paper No. 89-0214, fnt. Congress, Detroit, MI. 

Sirtori, S., P. Garibaldi and F.A. Vicenzetto (1974), Prediction of the combustion properties of gasolines from the analysis of their composition . SAE paper No. 74-1058, International Automobile Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting, Toronto, Ontario. 

Klaus Abend "Fully automated Dye-Penetrant Inspection of Automotive Parts", 1998 SAE Int. Congress and Exposition, Detroit 23 - 26 Feb. 1998. 

U. Hilger, G. Jain, E. Scheid, and P. Pischinger, "Development of a Direct Injected Neat Methanol Engine for Passenger Car AppHcations," SAP Paper 901521, SAE Euture Transportation Technology Conf. and Expo. (San Diego, Calif., Aug. 13—16,1990). 

T. B. BlaisdeU, M. D. Jackson, and K. D. Smith, "Potential of Light-Duty Methanol Vehicles," SAE Paper 891667, SAE Euture Transportation Technology Conf. andExpo. (Vancouver, Canada, Aug. 7—10,1989), Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa. 

A. Lawson, A. J. Last, A. S. Desphande, and E. W. Simmons, "Heavy-Duty Tmck Diesel Engine Operation on Unstabihzed Methanol/Diesel Euel Emulsion," SAE Paper 810346, (SP-480) Int. Congress and Expo (Detroit, Mich., Peb. 23—27,1981) Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa. 

Y. Ando and co-woikets, SAE Technical Paper Series, El donal Congress and Exposition, ip -pet no. 870180, Detroit, Mich., Eeb. 23—27, 1987 D.J. Eield andN. I. Steward, ibid, paper no. 870186. 

M. Carpenter, S. Chillons, and R. Will, Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) International Technical Paper Series 910103, presented at the... 

D. Goldsberry, S. Chillons and R. WiU, SAE Technical Paper Series 910104, presented at the International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Mich.,... 

---